* indicate selections new to this edition
I. MAKING CONNECTIONS
1. Participation: Personal Response and Critical Thinking
The Personal Dimension of Reading Literature
Personal Response and Critical Thinking
Writing to Learn
Your First Response
Checklist: Your First Response
Keeping a Journal or Reading Log
Double-Entry Journals and Logs
The Social Nature of Learning: Collaboration
Personal, Not Private
Ourselves as Readers
Different Kinds of Reading
PETER MEINKE, Advice to My Son
Making Connections with Literature
Images of Ourselves
Connecting Through Experience
PAUL ZIMMER, Zimmer in Grade School
Connecting Through Experience
STEVIE SMITH, Not Waving but Drowning
Culture, Experience, and Values
Connecting Through Experience
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays
Connecting Through Experience
MARGE PIERCY, Barbie Doll
Being in the Moment
NEW YORK TIMES, "Birmingham Bomb Kills 4"
DUDLEY RANDALL, Ballad of Birmingham
Participating, Not Solving
Using Our Imaginations
The Whole and Its Parts
2. Communication: Writing a Response Essay
The Response Essay
Checklist: The Basics of a Response Essay
Voice and Writing
Voice and Response to Literature
Connecting Through Experience
COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident
Writing to Describe
Choosing Details
Choosing Details from Literature
Connecting Through Experience
SANDRA CISNEROS, Eleven
Writing to Compare
Comparing and Contrasting Using a Venn Diagram
Connecting Through Experience
ANNA QUINDLEN, Mothers
Connecting Through Experience
LANGSTON HUGHES, Salvation
Possible Worlds
From First Response to Final Draft
The Importance of Revision
Using Your First Response
Using First or Third Person in Formal Essays
Formatting and Documenting Your Essay
Checklist: Some Basics for a Literary Essay
Checklist: Editing and Proofreading
II. ANALYSIS, ARGUMENTATION, AND RESEARCH
3. Exploration and Analysis: Genre and the Elements of Literature
Close Reading
Annotating the Text
First Annotation: Exploration
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ozymandias
Second Annotation: Analysis
Literature in Its Many Contexts
Your Critical Approach
Reading and Analyzing Fiction
Summary Checklist: Analyzing Fiction
Narration
Point of View
Setting
Conflict
Plot
Character
Language and Style
Diction
Symbol
Irony
Theme
Getting Ideas for Writing About Fiction
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour
Reading and Analyzing Poetry
Summary Checklist: Analyzing Poetry
Language and Style
Denotation and Connotation
Voice
Tone
Irony
STEPHEN CRANE, War Is Kind
Imagery
HELEN CHASIN, The Word Plum
ROBERT BROWNING, Meeting at Night
Parting at Morning
Figurative Language: Everyday Poetry
LANGSTON HUGHES, A Dream Deferred
N. SCOTT MOMADAY, Simile
CARL SANDBURG, Fog
JAMES STEPHENS, The Wind
Symbol
ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken
Sound and Structure
Rhyme, Alliteration, and Assonance
Finding the Beat: Limericks
Meter
Formal Verse: The Sonnet
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Sonnet No. 29
Blank Verse
Free or Open Form Verse
WALT WHITMAN, When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer
Interpretation: What Does the Poem Mean?
Explication
Types of Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Narrative Poetry
Getting Ideas for Writing About Poetry
MAY SWENSON, Pigeon Woman
Reading and Analyzing Drama
Summary Checklist: Analyzing Drama
Reading a Play
Point of View
Set and Setting
Conflict
Plot
The Poetics
Tragedy
Comedy
Characterization
Language and Style
Diction
Symbol
Irony
Theme
Periods of Drama: A Brief Background
Greek Drama
Shakespearean Drama
Modern Drama
Getting Ideas for Writing About Drama
Tips on Reading Antigone
SOPHOCLES, Antigone
Reading and Analyzing Essays
Summary Checklist: Analyzing Essays
Types of Essays
Narrative
Expository
Argumentative
Language, Style, and Structure
Formal or Informal
Voice
Word Choice and Style
Theme or Thesis: What's the Point?
The Aims of an Essay: Inform, Preach, or Reveal
Getting Ideas for Writing About the Essay
AMY TAN, Mother Tongue
4. Argumentation: Writing a Critical Essay
The Critical Essay
Interpretation and Evaluation
Interpretation: What Does it Mean?
Evaluation: How Well Does it Work?
Options for a Critical Essay: Process and Product
Checklist: Options for Writing a Critical Essay
An Analytical Essay
A Comparative Essay
A Thematic Essay
An Essay about the Beliefs or Actions of the Narrator or Characters
A Contextual Essay
Argumentation: Writing a Critical Essay
The Shape of an Argument
Checklist: Writing a Critical Essay
Planning Your Argument
Supporting Your Argument: Induction and Substantiation
Opening, Closing, and Revising Your Argument
From First Response to Critical Essay
The Development of a Critical Essay
Planning an Argument
Supporting the Argument
Suzanne's Draft
Revising the Essay
Suzanne's Revised Essay
5. Research: Writing with Secondary Sources
The Research Essay
Checklist: Writing a Research Essay
Creating, Expanding, and Joining Interpretive Communities
It Is Your Interpretation
Integrating Sources into Your Writing
Getting Started
Journal Entries, Notes, and Your Classmates
Some Popular Areas of Literary Research
Your Search
People
The Library
Reference Works
Finding Sources on the Internet
Evaluating Internet Sources
Checklist: Evaluating Internet Sources
Taking Notes
What Must Be Documented
Where and How
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Quoting
Avoiding Plagiarism
From First Response to Research Essay
CASE STUDY IN RESEARCH
Thinking About Interpretation, Culture, and Research
James Joyce and "Eveline"
JAMES JOYCE, Eveline
Prof. Devenish's Commentary
A Student Research Essay-"Leaving Home"
III. A THEMATIC ANTHOLOGY
Family and Friends
A Dialogue Across History
Family and Friends: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Family and Friends
Fiction
CHINUA ACHEBE, Marriage Is a Private Affair
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny's Blues
JOHN CHEEVER, Reunion
LOUISE ERDRICH, The Red Convertible
LINDA CHING SLEDGE, The Road
AMY TAN, Two Kinds
EUDORA WELTY, A Worn Path
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: Remembrance
ELIZABETH GAFFNEY, Losses That Turn Up in Dreams
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought (Sonnet No. 30)
JULIA ALVAREZ, Dusting
ROBERT FROST, Mending Wall
SEAMUS HEANEY, Digging
PHILIP LARKIN, This Be the Verse
MICHAEL LASSELL, How to Watch Your Brother Die
LI-YOUNG LEE, The Gift
JANICE MIRIKITANI, For My Father
SHARON OLDS, 35/10
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa's Waltz
CATHY SONG, The Youngest Daughter
Drama
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, The Glass Menagerie
Essays
BELL HOOKS, Inspired Eccentricity**
MARK TWAIN, Advice to Youth
CASE STUDY IN CONTEXT
Thinking About Interpretation and Biography
Lorraine Hansberry and A Raisin in the Sun
LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun
Lorraine Hansberry-In Her Own Words
In Others' Words
JAMES BALDWIN, Sweet Lorraine
JULIUS LESTER, The Heroic Dimension in A Raisin in the Sun
ANNE CHENEY, The African Heritage in A Raisin in the Sun
STEVEN R. CARTER, Hansberry's Artistic Misstep
MARGARET B. WILKERSON, Hansberry's Awareness of Culture and Gender
MICHAEL ANDERSON, A Raisin in the Sun: A Landmark Lesson in Being Black
A Student Essay
Exploring the Literature of Family and Friends: Options for Making Connections and Arguments
Innocence and Experience
A Dialogue Across History
Innocence and Experiences: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Innocence and Experience
Fiction
JULIA ALVAREZ, Snow
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson
THOMAS BULFINCH, The Myth of Daedalus and Icarus
RALPH ELLISON, Battle Royal
LILIANA HEKER, The Stolen Party
JAMES JOYCE, Araby
JOYCE CAROL OATES, WHERE ARE YOU GOING, WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN?
FRANK O'CONNOR, Guests of the Nation **
TWO READERS/TWO DIFFERENT VIEWS: JOHN UPDIKE, A&P
Two Sample Student Essays
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: Images of Innocence and Experience
WILLIAM BLAKE, London
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802
Connecting Through Comparison: The Chimney Sweeper
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Chimney Sweeper (From Songs of Innocence) **; The Chimney Sweeper (From Songs of Experience) **
MARGARET ATWOOD, Siren Song
ROBERT FROST, "Out, Out ..."
SEAMUS HEANEY, Mid-Term Break
A. E. HOUSMAN, When I Was One-and-Twenty
EDGAR LEE MASTERS, Ernest Hyde (Spoon River Anthology)**
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON, Richard Cory
Anne Sexton, Pain for a Daughter **
Walt Whitman, There was a Child Went Forth **
Essays
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened **
EDWARD CONLON, The Midnight Tour **
DAVID SEDARIS, The Learning Curve **
CASE STUDY IN CONTEXT
Thinking About Interpretation and Performance
William Shakespeare and "Hamlet"
Interpretation and Performance
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Desperately Seeking Hamlet: Four Interpretations
Olivier's Hamlet
Jacobi's Hamlet
Gibson's Hamlet
Branagh's Hamlet
From Part to Whole, From Whole to Part
A Student Essay-An Explication of the "To Be, or Not To Be" Soliloquy
HAMLET ON SCREEN
A Critic's Influential Interpretation
Ernest Jones, Hamlet's Oedipus Complex **
Hamlet On Screen
Bernice Kliman, The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production **
Claire Bloom, Playing Gertrude on Television **
Stanley Kauffmann, At Elsinore: Branagh's Hamlet **
Russell Jackson, A Film Diary of the Shooting of
Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet **
Exploring the Literature of Innocence and Experience: Options for Making Connections and Arguments
CASE STUDY IN POETRY AND PAINTING: Connecting Through Comparison
PETER BRUEGHEL, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus / W. H. AUDEN, Musee des Beaux Arts and ALAN DEVENISH, Icarus Again
JACOPO TINTORETTO, Crucifixion / N. SCOTT MOMADAY, Before an Old Painting of the Crucifixion
EDWARD HOPPER, Nighthawks / SAMUEL YELLEN, Nighthawks
VINCENT VAN GOGH, Starry Night / ANNE SEXTON, The Starry Night
HENRI MATISSE, Dance ** / NATALIE SAFIR, Matisse's Dance **
JEAN-FRANCOIS MILLET, The Gleaners / MARY ELLEN LECLAIR, The Clark Institute: Labor Day, 1999
EDWIN ROMANZO ELMER, The Mourning Picture / ADRIENNE RICH, Mourning Picture
JAN VERMEER, The Loveletter / SANDRA NELSON, When a Woman Holds a Letter
A Student's Comparison and Contrast Essay: Process and Product
Exploring Poetry and Painting: Options for Making Connections and Arguments
Women and Men
A Dialogue Across History
Women and Men: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Women and Men
Fiction
ANTON CHEKHOV, The Lady with the Pet Dog
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper
BESSIE HEAD, Life **
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants
D. H. LAWRENCE, The Horse Dealer's Daughter
BOBBIE ANN MASON, Shiloh
ROSARIO MORALES, The Day It Happened
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: Be My Love
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress
MAYA ANGELOU, Phenomenal Woman
MARGARET ATWOOD, You Fit into Me
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, How Do I Love Thee?
ROBERT BROWNING, Porphyria's Lover
NIKKI GIOVANNI, Woman
JUDY GRAHN, Ella, in a Square Apron, Along Highway 80
ESSEX HEMPHILL, Commitments **
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why; Love Is Not All
Pablo Neruda, The Fickle One **
SHARON OLDS, Sex Without Love
SYLVIA PLATH, Mirror
ALBERTO RIOS, The Purpose of Altar Boys
Connecting Through Comparison: Shall I Compare Thee?
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day? (Sonnet No. 18)
HOWARD MOSS, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun (Sonnet No. 130)
Connecting and Comparing Across Genres: Cinderella
JACOB LUDWIG CARL GRIMM AND WILHELM CARL GRIMM, Cinderella
ANNE SEXTON, Cinderella
BRUNO BETTELHEIM, Cinderella
Drama
ANTON CHEKHOV, The Proposal
Connecting and Comparing Across Genres: Drama and Fiction
SUSAN GLASPELL, The Play: Trifles
SUSAN GLASPELL, The Short Story: A Jury of Her Peers **
Essays
SEI SHONAGAN, A Lover's Departure
VIRGINIA WOOLF, If Shakespeare Had a Sister
CASE STUDY IN CONTEXT
Thinking About Interpretation in Context
Women in Cultural and Historical Context
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll's House
The Adams Letters
A Husband's Letter to His Wife
SOJOURNER TRUTH, "Ain't I a Woman"
HENRIK IBSEN, Notes for the Modern Tragedy
The Changed Ending of A Doll's House for a German Production
Speech at the Banquet of the Norwegian League for Women's Rights
ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, Excerpt from The Solitude of Self
WILBUR FISK TILLETT, Excerpt from Southern Womanhood
DOROTHY DIX, The American Wife
Women and Suicide
CHARLOTTE PERKINS STETSON (GILMAN), Excerpt from Women and Economics
NATALIE ZEMON DAVIS AND JILL KER CONWAY, The Rest of the Story
A Student Essay
Exploring the Literature of Women and Men: Options for Making Connections and Arguments
Culture and Identity
A Dialogue Across History
Culture and Identity: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Culture and Identity
Fiction
T. CORAGHESSAN BOYLE, Greasy Lake
WILLA CATHER, Paul's Case
KATE CHOPIN, Desiree's Baby
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily
JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl
Thomas King, Borders **
GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
TAHIRA NAQVI, Brave We Are
ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: The Mask We Wear
W. H. AUDEN, The Unknown Citizen
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mask
T. S. ELIOT, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
SHERMAN ALEXIE, On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City
GLORIA ANZALDUA, To Live in the Borderlands Means You
ELIZABETH BISHOP, In the Waiting Room
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool
E.E. CUMMINGS, anyone lived in a pretty how town
MARTIN ESPADA, Latin Night at the Pawn Shop
PAT MORA, Immigrants
MARGE PIERCY, To Be of Use
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON, Mr. Flood's Party
JOHN UPDIKE, Ex-Basketball Player
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, At the Ball Game
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Connecting Through Comparison: What Is Poetry?
ARCHIBALD MACLEISH, Ars Poetica
LAWRENCE FERLINGHETTI, Constantly Risking Absurdity
BILLY COLLINS, Introduction to Poetry
Drama
SOPHOCLES, Oedipus Rex
LUIS VALDEZ, Los Vendidos
Essays
CHARLES FRUEHLING SPRINGWOOD AND C. RICHARD KING, "Playing Indian": Why Native American Mascots Must End
JOAN DIDION, Why I Write
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, Learning to Read and Write
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., I Have a Dream
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, Workers
JONATHAN SWIFT, A Modest Proposal
HENRY DAVID THOREAU, From Civil Disobedience
CASE STUDY IN CONTEXT
Writers of the Harlem Renaissance
ALAIN LOCKE, The New Negro
LANGSTON HUGHES, From The Big Sea
The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
I, Too
The Weary Blues
One Friday Morning
Theme for English B
CLAUDE MCKAY, America
GWENDOLYN B. BENNETT, Heritage
JEAN TOOMER, Reapers
COUNTEE CULLEN, Yet Do I Marvel
From the Dark Tower
ANNE SPENCER, Lady, Lady
GEORGIA DOUGLAS JOHNSON, I Want to Die While You Love Me
ZORA NEALE HURSTON, Sweat
Commentary on The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Langston Hughes
Jessie Fauset
Onwuchekwa Jemie
R. Baxter Miller
ALICE WALKER, Zora Neale Hurston: A Cautionary Tale and a Partisan View
A Sample Student Essay
Exploring the Literature of Culture and Identity: Options for Making Connections and Arguments
Faith and Doubt
A Dialogue Across History
Faith and Doubt: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Faith and Doubt
Fiction
RAYMOND CARVER, Cathedral
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown
PAM HOUSTON, A Blizzard Under Blue Sky
TIM O'BRIEN, The Things They Carried
FLANNERY O'CONNOR, A Good Man Is Hard To Find **
LUIGI PIRANDELLO, War
JOHN STEINBECK, The Chrysanthemums
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: September 11, 2001
DEBORAH GARRISON, I Saw You Walking
BRIAN DOYLE, Leap
BILLY COLLINS, The Names
MATTHEW ARNOLD, Dover Beach
ROBERT BRIDGES, London Snow
STEPHEN CRANE, A Man Said to the Universe,
The Wayfarer **
JOHN DONNE, A Valediction Forbidding Mourning
Death, Be Not Proud
MARK DOTY, Brilliance
ROBERT FROST, Fire and Ice
TESS GALLAGHER, The Hug
THOMAS HARDY, HAP***
A. E. HOUSMAN, To an Athlete Dying Young
JOHN KEATS, When I Have Fears That I May Cease To Be
GALWAY KINNELL, Saint Francis and the Sow
WILLIAM STAFFORD, Traveling Through the Dark
DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
WALT WHITMAN, Song of Myself 6
Connecting Through Comparison: The Impact of War
THOMAS HARDY, The Man He Killed
AMY LOWELL, Patterns
WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est
CARL SANDBURG, Grass
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner**
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It
Hurricane Katrina
DAN BROWN, The Corpse on Union Street**
Drama
JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE, Riders to the Sea **
DAVID MAMET, Oleanna **
Essays
ALBERT CAMUS, The Myth of Sisyphus
PLATO, The Allegory of the Cave
PHILIP SIMMONS, Learning to Fall
CASE STUDY IN CONTEXT
Poetry and Criticism: Emily Dickinson
Her Life
Her Work
The Poems
Success Is Counted Sweetest **
Faith is a fine invention **
There's a Certain Slant of Light
I like a look of agony **
Wild Nights-Wild Nights! **
The Brain-is wider than the Sky **
Much Madness Is Divinest Sense
I've seen a dying eye **
I Heard a Fly Buzz-When I Died-
After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes
Some keep the Sabbath going to Church **
This world is not conclusion **
There is a pain-so utter- **
Because I could not stop for death **
The Bustle in a House**
Tell All the Truth But Tell It Slant
Making Connections
Emily Dickinson-In Her Own Words
A Letter to Susan Gilbert Dickinson-her sister-in-law. (1852) **
A Letter to Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1862) **
In Others' Words
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, letter (1870) **
Mary Loomis Todd, letter (1881) **
Richard Wilbur, On Her Sense of Privation (1960) **
Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, On Her White Dress (1979) **
Critical Commentary on Her Poetry
Helen McNeil, Dickinson's Method **
Cynthia Griffin Woolf, The Voices in Dickinson's Poetry **
Allan Tate, On Because I Could Not Stop for Death **
Paula Bennett, On I Heard a Fly Buzz-When I Died **
Poems about Emily Dickinson
Linda Pastan, Emily Dickinson **
Billy Collins, Taking Off Emily Dickinson's Clothes **
A Sample Student Essay
Exploring the Literature of Faith and Doubt: Options for Making Connections and Arguments
Appendix A: Critical Approaches to Literature
Appendix B: Writing About Film
Appendix C: Documentation
