First published in both New York and London in 1881, at a time of heated debates over the relationship between science and religion, this book arose from Henry Calderwood's Morse lectures given in association with Union Theological Seminary, New York in 1880. Calderwood, a Scottish clergyman, was professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh University for over thirty years. He published on a wide range of subjects and devoted several books to the science/religion question, taking the line that theism and evolution were compatible. The present volume provides evidence of the lively international dimension of the late nineteenth-century intellectual engagement with evolutionary theory and related scientific and philosophical developments and is a valuable resource for historians of the subject.