In this section:
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Abnormal Psychology: An Overview
Chapter 2 Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior
Chapter 3 Causal Factors and Viewpoints
Chapter 4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health
Chapter 6 Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders
Chapter 7 Mood Disorders and Suicide
Chapter 8 Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders
Chapter 9 Eating Disorders and Obesity
Chapter 10 Personality Disorders
Chapter 11 Substance-Related Disorders
Chapter 12 Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions
Chapter 13 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Chapter 14 Neurocognitive Disorders
Chapter 15 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
Chapter 16 Therapy
Chapter 17 Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology
2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: An Overview
What Do We Mean by Abnormality?
The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder
Why Do We Need to Classify Mental Disorders?
What Are the Disadvantages of Classification?
How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill?
How Does Culture Affect What Is Considered Abnormal?
Culture-Specific Disorders
How Common Are Mental Disorders?
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders
Treatment
Mental Health Professionals
Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology
Sources of Information
Case Studies
Self-Report Data
Observational Approaches
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Sampling and Generalization
Internal and External Validity
Criterion and Comparison Groups
Research Designs
Studying the World as It Is: Correlational Research Designs
Measuring Correlation
Statistical Significance
Effect Size
Meta-analysis
Correlations and Causality
Retrospective Versus Prospective Strategies
Manipulating Variables: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology
Studying the Efficacy of Therapy
Single-Case Experimental Designs
Animal Research
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 2: Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior
Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior
Demonology, Gods, and Magic
Hippocrates' Early Medical Concepts
Early Philosophical Conceptions of Consciousness
Later Greek and Roman Thought
Early Views of Mental Disorders in China
Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages
Toward Humanitarian Approaches
The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe
The Establishment of Early Asylums
Humanitarian Reform
Nineteenth-Century Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders Changing Attitudes Toward Mental Health in the Early Twentieth Century
Mental Hospital Care in the Twenty-First Century
Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorder
The Development of a Classification System
Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder
The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints
Causes and Risk Factors for Abnormal Behavior
Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes
Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior
Diathesis-Stress Models
Viewpoints for Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior
The Biological Viewpoint and Biological Causal Factors
Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones
Genetic Vulnerabilities
Temperament
Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity
The Impact of the Biological Viewpoint
The Psychological Viewpoints
The Psychodynamic Perspectives
The Behavioral Perspective
The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective
What the Adoption of a Perspective Does and Does Not Do
Psychological Causal Factors
Early Deprivation or Trauma
Inadequate Parenting Styles
Marital Discord and Divorce
Maladaptive Peer Relationships
The Sociocultural Viewpoint
Uncovering Sociocultural Factors Through Cross-Cultural Studies
Sociocultural Causal Factors
Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment
Prejudice and Discrimination in Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
Social Change and Uncertainty
Urban Stressors: Violence and Homelessness
The Impact of the Sociocultural Viewpoint
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 4: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
The Basic Elements in Assessment
The Relationship Between Assessment and Diagnosis
Taking a Social or Behavioral History
Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures
The Influence of Professional Orientation
Reliability, Validity, and Standardization
Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client
Assessment of the Physical Organism
The General Physical Examination
The Neurological Examination
The Neuropsychological Examination
Psychosocial Assessment
Assessment Interviews
The Clinical Observation of Behavior
Psychological Tests
The Case of Andrea C.: Experiencing Violence in the Workplace
The Integration of Assessment Data
Ethical Issues in Assessment
Classifying Abnormal Behavior
Differing Models of Classification
Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 5: Stress and Physical and Mental Health
What Is Stress?
Stress and the DSM
Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress
Characteristics of Stressors
Measuring Life Stress
Resilience
Stress and the Stress Response
Biological Costs of Stress
The Mind-Body Connection
Understanding the Immune System
Stress, Depression, and the Immune System
Stress and Physical Health
Cardiovascular Disease
Hypertension
Coronary Heart Disease
Risk and Causal Factors in Cardiovascular Disease
Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders
Biological Interventions
Psychological Interventions
Psychological Reactions to Stress
Adjustment Disorder
Adjustment Disorder Caused by Unemployment
Adjustment Disorder Caused by Divorce or Separation
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Acute Stress Disorder
Clinical Description
Prevalence of PTSD in the General Population
Rates of PTSD After Traumatic Experiences
Causal Factors in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Individual Risk Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Long-Term Effects of Posttraumatic Stress
Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Prevention
Treatment for Stress Disorders
Psychological Debriefing
Challenges in Studying Disaster Victims
Trauma and Physical Health
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 6: Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders
The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns
Fear
Anxiety
Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities
Specific Phobias
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Psychological Causal Factors
Biological Causal Factors
Treatments
Social Phobias
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Psychological Causal Factors
Biological Causal Factors
Treatments
Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Comorbidity with Other Disorders
The Timing of a First Panic Attack
Biological Causal Factors
Psychological Causal Factors
Treatments
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Comorbidity with Other Disorders
Psychological Causal Factors
Biological Causal Factors
Treatments
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Comorbidity with Other Disorders
Psychological Causal Factors
Biological Causal Factors
Treatments
Sociocultural Causal Factors for All Anxiety Disorders
Cultural Differences in Sources of Worry
Taijin Kyofusho
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
Mood Disorders
Mood Disorders: An Overview
Types of Mood Disorders
The Prevalence of Mood Disorders
Unipolar Mood Disorders
Depressions That Are Not Mood Disorders
Dysthymic Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Depression Emerge During Adolescence?
Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders
Biological Causal Factors
Psychological Causal Factors
Bipolar Disorders
Cyclothymic Disorder
Bipolar Disorders (I and II)
Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders
Biological Causal Factors
Psychological Causal Factors
Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders
Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms
Cross-Cultural Differences in Prevalence
Demographic Differences in the United States
Treatments and Outcomes
Pharmacotherapy
Alternative Biological Treatments
Psychotherapy
Suicide
The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern
Who Attempts and Who Commits Suicide?
Suicide in Children
Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults
Other Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicide
Biological Causal Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Suicidal Ambivalence
Communication of Suicidal Intent
Suicide Notes
Suicide Prevention and Intervention
Treatment of Mental Disorders
Crisis Intervention
Focus on High-Risk Groups and Other Measures
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 8: Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders
What Are Somatoform Disorders?
Hypochondriasis
Somatization Disorder
Pain Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Distinguishing Somatization, Pain, and Conversion Disorders from Malingering and Factitious Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
What Are Dissociative Disorders?
Depersonalization Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Sociocultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders
Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 9: Eating Disorders and Obesity
Eating Disorders
Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Other Forms of Eating Disorders
Age of Onset and Gender Differences
Prevalence of Eating Disorders
Medical Complications of Eating Disorders
Course and Outcome
Diagnostic Crossover
Association of Eating Disorders with Other Forms of Psychopathology
Eating Disorders Across Cultures
Biological Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Family Influences
Individual Risk Factors
Treatment of Eating Disorders
Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa
Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder
Obesity
The Problem of Obesity
Medical Issues
Definition and Prevalence
Weight Stigma
Obesity and the DSM
Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity
The Role of Genes
Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation
Sociocultural Influences
Family Influences
Stress and "Comfort Food"
Pathways to Obesity
Treatment of Obesity
Lifestyle Modifications
Medications
Bariatric Surgery
The Importance of Prevention
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 10: Personality Disorders
Clinical Features of Personality Disorders
Difficulties Doing Research on Personality Disorders
Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders
Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Provisional Categories of Personality Disorder in DSM-IV-TR
General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders
Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders
Adapting Therapeutic Techniques to Specific Personality Disorders
Treating Borderline Personality Disorder
Treating Other Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy
Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder
The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder
Causal Factors in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality
A Developmental Perspective on Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality
Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 11: Substance-Related Disorders
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
The Clinical Picture of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Drinking Is Too Much?
Biological Causal Factors in the Abuse of and Dependence on Alcohol
Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Sociocultural Causal Factors
Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders
Drug Abuse and Dependence
Opium and Its Derivatives (Narcotics)
Cocaine and Amphetamines (Stimulants)
Methamphetamine
Barbiturates (Sedatives)
Hallucinogens: LSD and Related Drugs
Ecstasy
Marijuana
Stimulants: Caffeine and Nicotine
Treatment Approach?
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 12: Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions
Sociocultural Influences on Sexual Practices and Standards
Sexual and Gender Variants
The Paraphilias
Causal Factors and Treatments for Paraphilias
Gender Identity Disorders
Sexual Abuse
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Pedohebephilia
Incest
Rape
Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders
Sexual Dysfunctions
Sexual Desire Disorders
Sexual Arousal Disorders
Orgasmic Disorders
Sexual Pain Disorders
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Schizophrenia
Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct
Epidemiology
Clinical Picture
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized Speech and Behavior
Positive and Negative Symptoms
Subtypes of Schizophrenia
Other Psychotic Disorders
Risk and Causal Factors
Genetic Factors
Prenatal Exposures
Genes and Environment in Schizophrenia: A Synthesis
A Neurodevelopmental Perspective
Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities
Psychosocial and Cultural Factors
A Diathesis-Stress Model of Schizophrenia
Treatments and Outcomes
Clinical Outcome
Pharmacological Approaches
Psychosocial Approaches
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders
Brain Impairment in Adults
Diagnostic Issues
Clinical Signs of Brain Damage
Diffuse Versus Focal Damage
The Neurocognitive/Psychopathology Interaction
Delirium
Clinical Picture
Treatments and Outcomes
Dementia
Parkinson's Disease
Huntington's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
Dementia from HIV-1 Infection
Vascular Dementia
Amnestic Disorder
Disorders Involving Head Injury
Clinical Picture
Treatments and Outcomes
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolesence
Maladaptive Behavior in Different Life Periods
Varying Clinical Pictures
Special Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children
The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders
Common Disorders of Childhood
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder
Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents
Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Symptom Disorders: Enuresis, Encopresis, Sleepwalking, and Tics
Functional Enuresis
Encopresis
Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)
Tic Disorders
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Autism
Asperger's Disorder
Learning Disabilities
Causal Factors in Learning Disabilities
Treatments and Outcomes
Mental Retardation
Levels of Mental Retardation
Causal Factors in Mental Retardation
Organic Retardation Syndromes
Treatments, Outcomes, and Prevention
Planning Better Programs to Help Children and Adolescents
Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents
Family Therapy as a Means of Helping Children
Child Advocacy Programs
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 16: Therapy
An Overview of Treatment
Why Do People Seek Therapy?
Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services?
The Therapeutic Relationship
Measuring Success in Psychotherapy
Objectifying and Quantifying Change
Would Change Occur Anyway?
Can Therapy Be Harmful?
What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used?
Evidence-Based Treatment
Medication or Psychotherapy?
Combined Treatments
Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment
Behavior Therapy
Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Humanistic-Experiential Therapies
Psychodynamic Therapies
Couple and Family Therapy
Eclecticism and Integration
Sociocultural Perspectives
Social Values and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy and Cultural Diversity
Biological Approaches to Treatment
Antipsychotic Drugs
Antidepressant Drugs
Antianxiety Drugs
Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Neurosurgery
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 17: Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology
Perspectives on Prevention
Universal Interventions
Selective Interventions
Indicated Interventions
Inpatient Mental Health Treatment in Contemporary Society
The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community
Aftercare Programs
Deinstitutionalization
Controversial Legal Issues and the Mentally Ill
Civil Commitment
Assessment of "Dangerousness"
The Insanity Defense
Personality Disorder Limit Responsibility for a Criminal Act?
Competence to Stand Trial
Organized Efforts for Mental Health
U.S. Efforts for Mental Health
International Efforts for Mental Health
Challenges for the Future
The Need for Planning
The Individual's Contribution
Summary
Key Terms
Glossary
