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Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs Joanna Paliszkiewicz (Warsaw University of Life Sciences)

Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs By Joanna Paliszkiewicz (Warsaw University of Life Sciences)

Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs by Joanna Paliszkiewicz (Warsaw University of Life Sciences)


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Summary

This book provides the first historical inquiry into the quantification of needs in humanitarian assistance. Ultimately the book argues that we cannot understand the global humanitarian aid movement, if we do not understand how humanitarian agencies made human suffering commensurable across borders in the first place.

Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs Summary

Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs: Minimal Humanity by Joanna Paliszkiewicz (Warsaw University of Life Sciences)

This book provides a historical inquiry into the quantification of needs in humanitarian assistance. Needs are increasingly seen as the lowest common denominator of humanity. Standard definitions of basic needs, however, set a minimalist version of humanity - both in the sense that they are narrow in what they compare, and that they set a low bar for satisfaction. The book argues that we cannot understand humanitarian governance if we do not understand how humanitarian agencies made human suffering commensurable across borders in the first place.

The book identifies four basic elements of needs: As a concept, as a system of classification and triage, as a material apparatus, and as a set of standards. Drawing on a range of archival sources, including the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF), and the Sphere Project, the book traces the concept of needs from its emergence in the 1960s right through to the present day, and United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's call for evidence-based humanitarianism. Finally, the book assesses how the international governmentality of needs has played out in a recent humanitarian crisis, drawing on field research on Central African refugees in the Cameroonian borderland in 2014-2016.

This important historical inquiry into the universal nature of human suffering will be an important read for humanitarian researchers and practitioners, as well as readers with an interest in international history and development.

The Introduction, Conclusion, and Chapers 1, 4, 5, and 6 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs Reviews

In this innovative and grounded study, Joel Glasman reveals how it came to be that the smallest unit of our shared humanity-its least common denominator-is neither you nor me, but the calorie, the liter of water, the metrics of our need in our moments of deepest distress. This fascinating work deserves wide readership and demands deep reflection. - Gregory Mann, author of From Empires to NGOs in the West African Sahel: the Road to Nongovernmentality (2015)

Combining a provocative perspective with a meticulous eye for detail, Joel Glasman's insightful history traces humanitarian efforts to define human suffering through an index of vital needs. Minimal Humanity reminds us of the fundamental complexity of apparently simple matters. - Peter Redfield, author of Life in Crisis: The Ethical Journey of Doctors Without Borders (2013)

This is a fascinating historical study of how and why humanitarian organizations quantified basic human needs over the course of the 20th century. Glasman (Univ. of Bayreuth, Germany) provides an engaging intellectual genealogy of the transition from subjective approaches to evaluating suffering to relying on allegedly objective and universal measurements. Using methods such as measuring the left arms of children for malnutrition allowed humanitarian organizations to claim they avoided politicizing assistance. However, organizations frequently debated how needs should be defined, as Glasman describes in detail with the Sphere Handbook, a humanitarian needs manual published in the 1990s. Just as humanitarian organizations claimed to be serving a generic humanity not defined by culture or politics, aid personnel also promoted an idea of consensus between the global North and South regarding needs. The author convincingly argues that this aspirational ideal of a common, measurable set of needs actually obscures the financial and political inequities between North and South, using Cameroon as a case study of the political and economic realities of how needs are measured in a humanitarian crisis. Specialists in humanitarianism should definitely read this book. - J. M. Rich, Marywood University, Choice Review, Highly Recommended, November 2020 Vol. 58 No. 3

In his insightful and wonderfully jargon-free book, Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs, Joel Glasman delves into the history of what he calls the bookkeeping of human suffering on a world scale (...) Glasman's book is much richer than can be described here. It is highly recommended for scholars of refugees, humanitarianism, data, and the production of knowledge. Given his extremely readable writing style, the book can also be recommended to those engaged in the humanitarian field who may not have the time or patience to slog through other academic critiques of their work. - Brett Shadle, African Studies Review


In this innovative and grounded study, Joel Glasman reveals how it came to be that the smallest unit of our shared humanity-its least common denominator-is neither you nor me, but the calorie, the liter of water, the metrics of our need in our moments of deepest distress. This fascinating work deserves wide readership and demands deep reflection. - Gregory Mann, author of From Empires to NGOs in the West African Sahel: the Road to Nongovernmentality (2015)

Combining a provocative perspective with a meticulous eye for detail, Joel Glasman's insightful history traces humanitarian efforts to define human suffering through an index of vital needs. Minimal Humanity reminds us of the fundamental complexity of apparently simple matters. - Peter Redfield, author of Life in Crisis: The Ethical Journey of Doctors Without Borders (2013)

This is a fascinating historical study of how and why humanitarian organizations quantified basic human needs over the course of the 20th century. Glasman (Univ. of Bayreuth, Germany) provides an engaging intellectual genealogy of the transition from subjective approaches to evaluating suffering to relying on allegedly objective and universal measurements. Using methods such as measuring the left arms of children for malnutrition allowed humanitarian organizations to claim they avoided politicizing assistance. However, organizations frequently debated how needs should be defined, as Glasman describes in detail with the Sphere Handbook, a humanitarian needs manual published in the 1990s. Just as humanitarian organizations claimed to be serving a generic humanity not defined by culture or politics, aid personnel also promoted an idea of consensus between the global North and South regarding needs. The author convincingly argues that this aspirational ideal of a common, measurable set of needs actually obscures the financial and political inequities between North and South, using Cameroon as a case study of the political and economic realities of how needs are measured in a humanitarian crisis. Specialists in humanitarianism should definitely read this book. - J. M. Rich, Marywood University, Choice Review, Highly Recommended, November 2020 Vol. 58 No. 3

In his insightful and wonderfully jargon-free book, Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs, Joel Glasman delves into the history of what he calls the bookkeeping of human suffering on a world scale (...) Glasman's book is much richer than can be described here. It is highly recommended for scholars of refugees, humanitarianism, data, and the production of knowledge. Given his extremely readable writing style, the book can also be recommended to those engaged in the humanitarian field who may not have the time or patience to slog through other academic critiques of their work. - Brett Shadle, African Studies Review

About Joanna Paliszkiewicz (Warsaw University of Life Sciences)

Joel Glasman is Professor of African History at the University of Bayreuth, Germany.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Minimal Humanity: The Commensuration of Human Suffering on a Global Scale 1. Concepts. Elements for a genealogy of needology 2. Classifications. UNHCR and the legibility of refugees in Central Africa 3. Measures. Malnutrition, MUAC, and the materialization of anthropometry 4. Standards. The 'Sphere project' and the universalization of the vital minimum after Goma 5. Registration. Refugees and the emergence of a humanitarian field in Cameroun 6. Vulnerability. Impartial algorithms and analog malnutrition Conclusion: Infrastructures of commensurability

Additional information

NPB9780367222154
9780367222154
0367222159
Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs: Minimal Humanity by Joanna Paliszkiewicz (Warsaw University of Life Sciences)
New
Hardback
Taylor & Francis Ltd
2019-12-16
260
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
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