Chapter 1 Pharmacology of Flunitrazepam and Other Benzodiazepines Rudolf Brenneisen and Lionel P. Raymon Introduction Chemistry Pharmacokinetics Absorption, Distribution, and Plasma Levels Half-Life vs Duration of Action Metabolism and Excretion Pharmacodynamics Sites of Action Acute Effect Chronic Administration and Abuse Liability Pharmacokinetics vs Pharmacodynamics Rohypnol (R): The Debate. References Chapter 2 Immunoassay Detection of Benzodiazepines Tamara N. St. Claire and Salvatore J. Salamone Introduction Optimal Enzyme Activity Conditions Activity Cutoff Immunoassays Methods Manual b-Glucuronidase Treatment Automated b-Glucuronidase Treatment.5.2.1 Online with the Hitachi 7175.2.2 Online with the COBAS INTEGRA 7005.2.3 A General Scheme Conclusion References Chapter 3 Analysis of Flunitrazepam and Its Metabolites in Biological Specimens Mahmoud A. ElSohly and Shixia Feng Introduction Methods of Analysis Screening Methods HPLC Analysis Internal Standards Extraction HPLC Conditions Detection GC/MS Methods Conclusion References Chapter 4 Analysis of Selected Low-Dose Benzodiazepines by Mass Spectrometry Dennis J. Crouch and Matthew H. Slawson Introduction Alprazolam Background Method 1 Extraction GC/MS Conditions Method Performance Method 2 Extraction HPLC/MS/MS Conditions Method Performance Midazolam Background Method 1 Extraction GC/MS Conditions Method Performance Method 2 Extraction HPLC/MS Conditions Method Performance Method 3 Extraction HPLC/MS Conditions Method Performance AdditionalTechniques Lorazepam Background Method. Extraction GC/MS Conditions Method Performance Additional Techniques Triazolam Background Method 1 Extraction GC/MS Conditions Method Performance Method 2 Extraction GC/MS Conditions Method Performance References Chapter 5 Identification of Benzodiazepines in Human Hair: A Review Vincent Cirimele and Pascal Kintz Introduction Biology of Hair Hair Growth Types of Hair Mechanisms of Drug Incorporation into Hair Effects of Cosmetic Treatments Specimen Collection Decontamination Procedures Extraction Detection Detection of Flunitrazepam and 7-Amino-Flunitrazepam Conclusions References Chapter 6 g-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Its Analogs, g-Butyrolactone and 1,4-Butanediol Laureen J. Marinetti History and Pharmacology of GHB History of Illicit Use of GHB Clinical Use of GHB in Humans History of Illicit Use of GBL and 1,4BD Metabolism of GHB, GBL, and 1,4BD Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of GHB, GBL, and 1,4BD GHB Interpretation Issues and Postmortem Production Analysis for GHB, GBL, and 1,4BD References Chapter 7 Analysis of Urine Samples in Cases of Alleged Sexual Assault: Case History Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Luen F. Lee, Lynn B. Holzhauer, and Salvatore J. Salamone Introduction References Index
