CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1
1.1: Rationale for Accreditation......................................................................................... 2
1.2: Business Case............................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1: Today's Risk Reduced........................................................................................ 7
1.2.2: Tomorrow's Risk Avoided.................................................................................. 8
1.2.3: Adapt to External Pressures to Change and Re-size............................................. 8
1.2.4: Reduce Direct People Costs................................................................................. 9
1.2.5: Always Innovate................................................................................................. 9
1.2.6: Attract Workers You Want................................................................................ 10
Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 11
References......................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 1: MANAGER TIPS...................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 1: SUPPLEMENT.......................................................................................... 15
Supplement Tool 1A: The Advanced Organizer............................................................ 15
PART I: STRUCTURE, RESPONSIBILITY AND CONTROL......................................... 18
CHAPTER 2: ALIGN LEARNING WITH ORGANIZATION MISSION VALUES....... 20
2.1: Vision, Mission and Values as Strategy.................................................................... 20
2.2: Alignment Benefits Accreditation.............................................................................. 23
2.2.1: Philosophy on Employee Education.................................................................. 24
2.2.2: Provides Direction............................................................................................. 26
2.2.3: Unifies the Team............................................................................................... 27
2.2.4: Claims Authority............................................................................................... 27
2.3: Steps to writing a Mission and Values Statement..................................................... 28
Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 30
References......................................................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER 2: MANAGER TIPS...................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER 2 : SUPPLEMENT......................................................................................... 34
Supplement Tool 3A: Steps to Writing a Mission and Value Statement......................... 34
CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURING FOR ACCOUNTABILITY............................................... 42
3.1: Models for Structure................................................................................................. 42
3.1.1: Centralized Training Organization..................................................................... 44
3.1.2: Decentralized Training Organization................................................................. 44
3.1.3: Business Embedded Model............................................................................... 45
3.1.4: Corporate Universities and the Emerging Federated Model............................... 46
3.2: Responsibility and Accountability for Learning....................................................... 47
3.2.1: The Senior Learning Executive.......................................................................... 48
3.2.2: Senior Learning Executive Responsibilities....................................................... 48
3.2.3: Learning Processes............................................................................................ 49
3.2.4: Learning Administration................................................................................... 49
3.2.5: Learning Maintenance...................................................................................... 50
3.2.6: Training Audit................................................................................................... 50
3.3: Accountability for Continuing Education Units (CEUs)........................................... 52
3.3.1: Purpose of CEU................................................................................................ 52
3.3.2: Calculating CEU................................................................................................ 52
3.3.3: Recording CEU................................................................................................. 55
Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 55
References......................................................................................................................... 56
CHAPTER 3: MANAGER TIPS...................................................................................... 57
CHAPTER 3: SUPPLEMENT.......................................................................................... 59
Supplement Tool 3A: CEU WORKSHEET (Face-To-Face Event).................................. 59
Supplement Tool 3B: CEU WORKSHEET: Online/Self-Paced...................................... 60
CHAPTER 4: MANAGEMENT OF TRAINING.................................................................. 61
4.1: Learning Environment and Resources...................................................................... 62
4.2: Assessing the Learning Environment........................................................................ 62
4.3: Providing Support Services....................................................................................... 64
4.3.1: Registration Methods......................................................................................... 65
4.3.2: Notifications and Access................................................................................... 66
4.3.3: Seating Arrangements........................................................................................ 66
4.3.4: Equipment to Support Learning......................................................................... 67
4.3.5: Refreshments.................................................................................................... 68
4.3.6: Event Evaluation............................................................................................... 69
4.4: Creating a Supportive Learning Environment......................................................... 70
Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 70
References......................................................................................................................... 71
CHAPTER: 4 MANAGER TIPS...................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER 4: SUPPLEMENT.......................................................................................... 74
Supplement Tool 4A: Tool to Assess the Organization's Learning Climate.................. 74
PART II: PLANNING THE ENVIRONMENT AND EDUCATIONAL EVENTS.......... 77
CHAPTER 5: PLANNING FOR LEARNING....................................................................... 80
5.1: Quality Management Background............................................................................ 81
5.1.1: Continuous Improvement.................................................................................. 81
5.1.2: Quality and Continuous Improvement in the Context of Learning.................... 83
5.2: Quality Approach to Training - Strategic Planned Learning.................................. 83
5.2.1: Clean up the Talk.............................................................................................. 84
5.2.2: Don't Say Curriculum!...................................................................................... 84
5.2.3: Structured Learning Plans - the Learning Blueprint........................................... 85
5.2.3.1: Organizational, Job and Individual Needs............................................ 87
5.2.3.2: Planning the Learning Blueprint (shhh! - curriculum planning)......... 88
5.2.3.3: Writing a Learning Blueprint (shhh! - curriculum design).................... 89
5.2.3.4: Formalize the Learning Blueprint......................................................... 90
5.3: Creating Courses - a Design Process...................................................................... 91
5.3.1: Instructional Systems Design (ISD).................................................................. 92
5.3.1.1: ADDIE Model..................................................................................... 92
5.3.1.2: Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model.......................................... 94
5.3.1.3: Successive Approximation Model (SAM)............................................. 95
5.4: Plan to Evaluate......................................................................................................... 96
Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 97
References......................................................................................................................... 97
CHAPTER 5: MANAGER TIPS...................................................................................... 99
CHAPTER 5: SUPPLEMENT........................................................................................ 100
Supplement Tool 5A: Sample Learning Blueprint....................................................... 100
CHAPTER 6: IS TRAINING THE ANSWER? ASSESSING NEEDS............................. 101
6.1: Assessing the Real Need - Determining the Business Problem/GAP...................... 101
6.1.1: Framing the Problem....................................................................................... 103
6.1.2: Type of Need.................................................................................................. 104
6.1.3: Investigating Root Causes................................................................................ 106
6.1.3.1: Individual-Level Root Causes............................................................ 106
6.1.3.2: Organization-Level Root Causes....................................................... 107
6.2: Conducting a Needs Assessment.............................................................................. 110
6.2.1: Setting the Limits............................................................................................. 111
6.2.2: Determining the Data Needed.......................................................................... 111
6.2.3: Identifying Sources of Information................................................................. 111
6.2.4: Selecting Methods for Data Collection........................................................... 112
6.2.5: Collecting and Analyzing the Data.................................................................. 112
6.2.6: Communicating Needs Assessment Results..................................................... 113
6.3: Issues in Needs Assessments.................................................................................... 114
6.4: Planning for Strategic Organizational Learning beyond Needs Assessment......... 115
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 116
References....................................................................................................................... 116
CHAPTER 6: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................... 118
CHAPTER 6: SUPPLEMENT........................................................................................ 119
Supplement Tool 6A: Needs Assessment Diagnosis - Where is the real Problem?...... 119
Supplement Tool 6B: Checklist to Guide Training Needs Assessment......................... 121
PART III: BENEFITS AND OUTCOMES........................................................................... 122
CHAPTER 7: INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES...................................................... 125
7.1: Name the Program Goal......................................................................................... 125
7.1.1: Training Program Goal Looks to the Future..................................................... 126
7.1.2: Training Program Goal Covers Broad Changes................................................ 127
7.2: Differentiate Goals and Objectives......................................................................... 127
7.3: Analyze Jobs to Determine Performance Objectives............................................. 128
7.3.1: Job Analysis................................................................................................... 129
7.3.2: Performance Objectives in Domains.............................................................. 131
7.3.2.1: The Cognitive Domain..................................................................... 131
7.3.2.2: The Psychomotor Domain................................................................ 133
7.3.2.3: The Affective Domain....................................................................... 134
7.3.3 Using Domains in Performance Objectives..................................................... 136
7.4: Write High Quality Performance Objectives........................................................ 137
7.4.1: Marrying Performance Objectives and Instructional Objectives.................... 137
7.4.2: Descriptors in Every Performance Objective................................................. 137
7.5: Uses for Performance Objectives............................................................................ 139
7.6: Creating Evaluation Methods to Test Objectives................................................... 140
7.7: Preparing Learning Outlines or Storyboards......................................................... 140
7.7.1: Instructional Plan or Storyboard..................................................................... 141
7.8: Writing, Buying or Buying and Modifying Instructional Materials....................... 142
7.9: Communicating Training Events as Opportunities................................................. 142
7.9.1: Communicate to Employees........................................................................... 143
7.9.2: Communicate to Other Managers................................................................... 143
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 144
References....................................................................................................................... 145
CHAPTER 7: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................... 147
CHAPTER 7: SUPPLEMENT........................................................................................ 148
Supplement Tool 7A: Instructional Objectives Worksheet........................................... 148
CHAPTER 8: WHO SHOULD BE INVOLVED IN INSTRUCTION?............................. 149
8.1: Qualifying as a Learning and Development Professional....................................... 150
8.2: Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes and Other Competencies Essential for Learning..... 150
8.3: Learning and Development Professionals Skills..................................................... 151
8.3.1: Needs Assessment Skills................................................................................. 152
8.3.2: Job Analysis Skills.......................................................................................... 153
8.3.3: Design Skills.................................................................................................... 154
8.3.4: Development Skills......................................................................................... 154
8.3.5: Implementation Skills...................................................................................... 155
8.3.6: Evaluation Skills.............................................................................................. 156
8.4: Documenting Learning and Development Professional Qualifications.................. 156
8.5: Developing Learning and Development Professional Skills.................................... 157
8.6: Ensuring a Well-Qualified Learning and Development Team................................ 158
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 159
References....................................................................................................................... 159
CHAPTER 8: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................... 160
CHAPTER 8: SUPPLEMENT........................................................................................ 161
Supplement Tool 8A: Checklist to Review Instructor Qualifications........................... 161
CHAPTER 9:............................................................................................................................. 162
CONDUCTING LEARNING EVENTS PROFESSIONALLY......................................... 162
9.1: Historical Evolution of the Training and Development Professional..................... 162
9.2: Training and Development Professionals................................................................ 164
9.2.1: Occupational Profile........................................................................................ 165
9.2.2: Required Qualifications................................................................................... 166
9.2.2.1: Credentials, Certifications, and Certificate Programs........................ 167
9.2.2.2: Training Credentials.......................................................................... 168
9.2.2.2.1: Certified Professional in Learning and Performance (CPLP).............. 169
9.2.2.2.2: Associate Professional in Talent Development (APTD)..................... 169
9.2.2.2.3: Certified Performance Technologist (CPT)....................................... 170
9.2.2.2.4: Alternate Credentials................................................................ 170
9.2.2.3: Eligibility for Credentials................................................................... 170
9.2.3: Competencies of Learning and Development Practitioners.............................. 175
9.3: Professional Conduct and Code of Ethics............................................................... 177
9.3.1: Professional Obligations.................................................................................. 178
9.3.2: Confidentiality................................................................................................ 178
9.3.3: Professional Boundaries and Limitations......................................................... 179
9.3.4: Professional Integrity....................................................................................... 179
9.3.5: Maintain Intellectual Property.......................................................................... 180
9.3.6: Inclusionary Practices...................................................................................... 181
9.3.7: Conflicts of Interest......................................................................................... 181
Conclusions..................................................................................................................... 182
References....................................................................................................................... 182
CHAPTER 9: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................... 185
CHAPTER 9: SUPPLEMENT........................................................................................ 186
Supplement Tool 9A: Professional Development Activities for L & D Personnel... 186
PART IV: CONTENT DESIGN AND DELIVERY............................................................ 187
CHAPTER 10: DECIDING WHAT TO INCLUDE............................................................ 189
10.1: Planning Training for Your Employees and Your Workplace............................ 189
10.1.1: General/Demographic Characteristics......................................................... 190
10.1.2: Current Abilities......................................................................................... 191
10.1.3: Work Environment..................................................................................... 192
10.2: Setting Instructional Objectives............................................................................ 194
10.3: Write Conditions, Action Verbs, and Criteria in Instructional Objectives......... 195
10.3.1: Condition................................................................................................... 195
10.3.2: Action Verbs.............................................................................................. 196
10.3.3: Criteria....................................................................................................... 199
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 201
References....................................................................................................................... 201
CHAPTER 10: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................. 203
CHAPTER 10: SUPPLEMENT...................................................................................... 204
Supplement Tool 10A: Instructional Objectives Worksheet......................................... 204
CHAPTER 11:........................................................................................................................... 205
METHODS TO ACHIEVE CONSISTENCY....................................................................... 205
11.1: Design Content....................................................................................................... 205
11.1.1: Workers as Learners.................................................................................... 206
11.1.2: Sequencing the Content............................................................................... 206
11.2: Select Methods....................................................................................................... 208
11.2.1: Methods are categorized.............................................................................. 208
11.2.2: Select Methods According to Objectives..................................................... 209
11.2.3: Create Activities to match Methods and Domains....................................... 210
11.3: Promote Interaction.............................................................................................. 211
11.3.1: Interaction with Content.............................................................................. 212
11.3.2: Interaction with Others................................................................................ 212
11.4: Selecting Instructional Media - Training Delivery............................................... 213
11.4.1: Planning for On-site Learning...................................................................... 214
11.4.2: Planning for Job-integrated Training............................................................ 215
11.4.3: Planning for Peer Learning and Social Media Learning............................... 216
11.5: Implement a Course Planner................................................................................. 216
11.5.1 Using a Course Planning Instrument............................................................. 217
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 219
References....................................................................................................................... 219
CHAPTER 11: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................. 220
CHAPTER 11: SUPPLEMENT...................................................................................... 221
Supplement Tool 11A: Methods Overview.................................................................. 221
PART V: ASSESSING OUTCOMES, MAINTAINING RECORDS................................ 225
CHAPTER 12: FEEDBACK AND JOB APPLICATION.................................................. 227
12.1: Providing Learners with Feedback....................................................................... 227
12.1.1: Training Evaluation Policy and Procedures................................................. 228
12.1.2: Record Keeping........................................................................................... 230
12.2: Addressing Job Application of Training............................................................... 232
12.2.1: Defining On-The-Job Transfer.................................................................... 232
12.2.2: Defining and Ensuring Near Transfer of Training..................................... 232
12.2.3: Defining and Ensuring Far Transfer of Training.......................................... 233
12.3: Managers Tips to Provide Learners with Feedback and Ensure On-the-Job...... 235
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 236
Reference........................................................................................................................ 236
CHAPTER 12: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................. 238
CHAPTER 12: SUPPLEMENT...................................................................................... 239
Supplement Tool 12A: Brainstorming Guide -Encourage Giving Feedback............. 239
Supplement Tool 12B: Brainstorming Guide -Near Transfer of Learning................. 240
Supplement Tool 12C: Brainstorming Guide -Far Transfer of Learning................... 241
CHAPTE 13: RECORDS AND PROGRAM EVALUATION........................................... 242
13.1: Full Program Evaluation....................................................................................... 242
13.1.1: Purpose....................................................................................................... 243
13.1.2: Reluctance................................................................................................... 243
13.1.3: Comprehensive........................................................................................... 244
13.1.4: Goal Oriented.............................................................................................. 244
13.1.5: Sources........................................................................................................ 245
13.2: Focus: Formative, Summative or Confirmative................................................... 246
13.2.1: Formative.................................................................................................... 246
13.2.2: Summative.................................................................................................. 246
13.2.3: Confirmative............................................................................................... 247
13.3: Evaluation Procedures/Methods........................................................................... 248
13.3.1: Kirkpatrick and Phillips Levels of Evaluation............................................. 248
13.3.2: Other Program Evaluation Methods............................................................. 251
13.4: Report Writing and Audience............................................................................... 253
13.4.1: Results......................................................................................................... 254
13.4.2: Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................ 254
13.4.3: Evaluation Reports..................................................................................... 255
13.5: Training Policy and Records................................................................................. 257
13.5.1: Policy........................................................................................................ 257
13.5.1.1: Evaluation policies..................................................................... 258
13.5.1.2: Learner privacy policies........................................................... 258
13.5.2: Results and Record Maintenance................................................................ 259
13.5.2.1: Training event records................................................................
259 13.5.2.2: Learner documentation............................................................... 260
13.5.3: Record Maintenance................................................................................... 260
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 261
References....................................................................................................................... 261
CHAPTER 13 : MANAGER TIPS................................................................................. 263
CHAPTER 13: SUPPLEMENT...................................................................................... 264
Supplement Tool 13A: Level 1 Sample of Evaluation Form........................................ 264
CHAPTER 14: ACCREDITATION SOURCES.................................................................. 265
14.1: Pre-Steps to Achieve Accreditation....................................................................... 265
14.2: Clarify Purpose...................................................................................................... 266
14.3: Research................................................................................................................ 267
14.3.1: Accrediting Bodies...................................................................................... 267
14.3.2: Standards.................................................................................................... 270
14.3.2.1: American National Standards Institute (ANSI)............................ 271
14.3.2.2: International Organization for Standardization (ISO)................ 271
14.3.2.3: Learning and Development Standards........................................ 272
14.4: Business Case......................................................................................................... 273
14.5: Project Plan........................................................................................................... 273
14.6: Accreditation Process............................................................................................ 275
14.7: Recommendation and Tips.................................................................................... 276
Conclusions..................................................................................................................... 283
References....................................................................................................................... 284
CHAPTER 14: MANAGER TIPS.................................................................................. 285
CHAPTER 14: SUPPLEMENT...................................................................................... 286
Supplement Tool 14A: Accreditation Readiness Checklist.......................................... 286
