Acknowledgements; Foreword Achim Steiner; Part I. Zoos Entering the Twenty-First Century: 1. Introduction: is there a conservation role for zoos in a natural world under fire? Chris D. West and Lesley A. Dickie; 2. Entering the 21st century William Conway; 3. How do national and international regulations and policies influence the role of zoos and aquaria in conservation? Bengt Holst and Lesley A. Dickie; Part II. The Challenge of Changing Behaviour: 4. Conservation education in zoos: an emphasis on behavioral change Eleanor Sterling, Jimin Lee and Tom Wood; 5. Inspiration for conservation: moving audiences to care John A. Gwynne; 6. Attitudes and attitude change among zoo visitors Richard P. Reading and Brian J. Miller; 7. The animal rights-conservation debate: can zoos and aquariums play a role? Michael Hutchins; 8. Creating a culture of conservation: a case study of a backyard approach Beth Stevens, Jackie Ogden and Kim R. Sams; 9. Message received? Quantifying the impact of informal conservation education on adults visiting UK zoos Andrew Balmford, Nigel Leader-Williams, Georgina M. Mace, Andrea Manica, Olivia Walter, Chris West and Alexandra Zimmermann; Part III. Establishing Connections Between Zoos and the Wild: 10. Animal ambassadors: an analysis of the effectiveness and conservation impact of ex-situ breeding efforts Anne Baker; 11. Re-introductions from zoos: a conservation guiding light or a shooting star? Mark R. Stanley Price and John E. Fa; 12. Research by zoos Dan Wharton; 13. Conservation medicine John C. M. Lewis; 14. The Masoala rainforest: a model partnership in support of in situ conservation in Madagascar Matthew Hatchwell and Alex Rubel; 15. In situ and ex situ conservation: blurring the boundaries between zoos and the wild Lesley A. Dickie, Jeffrey P. Bonner and Chris D. West; 16. Beyond the ark: conservation biologists' views of the achievements of zoos in conservation Nigel Leader-Williams, Andrew P. Balmford, Matthew Linke, Georgina M. Mace, Robert J. Smith, Miranda Stevenson, Olivia Walter, Chris D. West and Alexander Zimmermann; Part IV. Direct Involvement of Zoos in in situ Conservation: 17. Zoo-based fundraising for in situ wildlife conservation Sarah Christie; 18. The Madagascar Fauna Group: what zoo cooperation can do for conservation Lee Durrell, David E. Anderson, Andrea S. Katz, Dean Gibson, Charles R. Welch, Eva L. Sargent and Ingrid Porton; 19. Zoo coalitions for conservation David A. Field and Lesley A. Dickie; 20. The conservation mission in the wild: zoos as conservation NGOs Alexandra Zimmermann and Roger Wilkinson; 21. Measuring conservation success: assessing zoos' contribution Georgina M. Mace, Andrew Balmford, Nigel Leader-Williams, Andrea Manica, Olivia Walter, Chris D. West and Alexandra Zimmermann; 22. The future of zoos Matthew Hatchwell, Alex Rubel, Lesley A. Dickie, Chris D. West and Alexandra Zimmermann; Bibliographic resource: zoos and conservation Scott Wilson and Alexandra Zimmermann.