This series examines the major historical topics through a mixture of narrative and analysis of the key issues involved. Each book is designed to introduce the reader to a wide range of contemporary sources and aims to encourage readers in the handling and assessment of original historical material. Focusing on the factors which led to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939 and the entry of Japan and USA into the war in 1941, this book first examines the terms upon which peace was to be secured after World War I. It then discusses the fragile balance of power in Europe and the insecurities in Russia, Italy and - above all- in Germany, which enabled Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler to climb to power. The threat posed to peace was understood, but Britain, France and other democracies failed to develop a firm and united policy against Hitler's demands. The reasons for this are explored, together with the factors behind the popularity of expansionist policies in Japan in the 1930s which culminated in the bombing of Pearl Harbour.