Preface xiii
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Wireless Networks 1
Introduction 1
1.1 The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model 3
1.2 IEEE 802 Standard Committee 5
1.3 Wireless Technologies 6
1.4 Antenna 8
1.5 Error-Detection Methods 9
1.6 ISM and U-NII Bands 13
1.7 Modulation 13
1.8 Wireless Local-Area Network (WLAN) 17
1.9 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) 20
1.10 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 20
1.11 Wireless MAN 21
1.12 Bluetooth 25
Summary 28
References 30
CHAPTER 2 ZigBee Wireless Sensor and Control Network 31
Introduction 31
2.1 ZigBee Network Characteristics 33
2.2 ZigBee Device Types 34
2.3 ZigBee Topologies 35
2.4 End Device (Node) Addressing 39
2.5 Depth of a Network, Number of Children, and Network Address Allocation 40
2.6 ZigBee Protocol Architecture 40
2.7 ZigBee and ZigBee PRO Feature Sets 43
Summary 46
References 47
CHAPTER 3 IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer 49
Introduction 49
3.1 Frequency Band, Data Rate, and Channel Numbering 50
3.2 Physical Layer Services 52
3.3 Transmitter Power and Receiver Sensitivity 57
3.4 Physical Layer Information Base (PIB) 60
3.5 Physical Layer Transmission 61
Summary 68
References 69
CHAPTER 4 IEEE 802.15.4 Media Access Control (MAC) Layer 71
Introduction 71
4.1 MAC Layer Services 71
4.2 MAC Layer Information Base (MIB) 75
4.3 MAC Management Services 77
4.4 Scanning Channels 83
4.5 Access Method 84
4.6 Data Transfer Model 88
4.7 MAC Frame Format 90
4.8 Association Request 94
4.9 Disassociation Notification Command 96
4.10 Orphan Notification 96
4.11 Beacon Request 97
4.12 Coordinator Realignment Command 97
Summary 98
References 98
CHAPTER 5 Network Layer 99
Introduction 99
5.1 Network Layer Data Entity (NLDE) Services 100
5.2 Network Information Base (NIB) 102
5.3 Network Layer Management Entity (NLME) 105
5.4 Network Formation 108
5.5 Joining a Network 110
5.6 Network Layer Frame Format 112
5.7 Neighbor Table 114
5.8 Network Command Frame Format 114
Summary 116
References 117
CHAPTER 6 ZigBee Application Support Sublayer (APS) 119
Introduction 119
6.1 Application Support Data Entity (APSDE) 119
6.2 Application Support Sublayer Management Entity (ASME) 122
6.3 Application Support Sublayer Information Base (AIB) 123
6.4 Persistent Data 124
6.5 Application Support Sublayer Frame Format 125
6.6 APS Command Frame Format 127
Summary 128
References 128
CHAPTER 7 Application Layer 129
Introduction 129
7.1 Application Object (Endpoint) 129
7.2 Attribute, Cluster, Cluster Library, and Profile 130
7.3 Cluster 132
7.4 General Cluster Commands 134
7.5 Attribute Reporting 135
7.6 ZigBee Cluster Libraries 137
7.7 ZigBee Device Object (ZDO) 140
7.8 ZigBee Device Profile (ZDP) 140
7.9 Device Discovery 143
7.10 Binding 146
7.11 Network Management Commands 150
7.12 ZigBee Coordinator Startup 151
Summary 151
References 153
CHAPTER 8 ZigBee Security 155
Introduction 155
8.1 Elements of Network Security 155
8.2 Introduction to Cryptography 156
8.3 ZigBee Security 160
8.4 ZigBee Security Modes 161
8.5 Security Management Primitives 164
8.6 Counter (CTR) Mode Encryption 165
8.7 Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode Encryption 166
8.8 Network Layer Security 166
8.9 Application Support SubLayer Security 168
Summary 174
References 175
CHAPTER 9 Address Assignment and Routing 177
Introduction 177
9.1 Address Assignment Using Distributed Scheme 177
9.2 Stochastic Address Assignment 179
9.3 Routing 179
9.4 Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) 182
9.5 ZigBee Routing 183
9.6 ZigBee Routing Commands 187
Summary 191
References 191
CHAPTER 10 ZigBee Home Automation and Smart Energy Network 193
10.1 Home Automation Profile 193
10.2 Smart Energy Network 197
10.3 ZigBee Stack Profile for Smart Energy (SE) Profile 200
10.4 Smart Energy Cluster 203
10.5 Smart Energy Device 203
Summary 204
References 205
CHAPTER 11 ZigBee RF4CE 207
Introduction 207
11.1 RF4CE Nodes and Topology 208
11.2 RF4CE Protocol Architecture 209
11.3 Network Layer Data Services 210
11.4 Network Layer Management Services 211
11.5 Network Layer Information Base (NIB) 212
11.6 Discovery Process 213
11.7 Pairing Process 214
Summary 216
References 217
APPENDIX A 6lowpan 219
Introduction 219
A.1 IPv6 Structure 220
A.2 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 222
A.3 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and Physical Layer Frame Format 222
A.4 64-Bit Global Identifier 223
A.5 Adaptation Layer 223
A.6 Fragmented IPv6 Payload 228
APPENDIX B Wireless HART 229
Introduction 229
B.1 Wireless HART Physical Layer 230
B.2 Wireless HART Data Link Layer 230
B.3 Wireless HART Network Layer 231
B.4 Wireless HART Network Components 231
B.5 Network Formation 232
B.6 Security 233
B.7 Wireless HART Data Transfer Mode 233
APPENDIX C Z-Wave 235
Introduction 235
C.1 Z-Wave Protocol Architecture 235
C.2 RF Media 236
C.3 MAC Layer 236
APPENDIX D Abbreviations 237
Bibliography 241
Index 245
