Reading through Looking Preface Abbreviations and Symbols Authorized Version of the Bible I. Prelude: The Roman World Transformed (c.300-c.600) A Christianized Empire 1.1 Toleration or favoritism? The Edict of Milan (313) 1.2 Law: The Theodosian Code (438) 1.3 Plague: Gregory the Great, Letter to Bishop Dominic of Carthage (600) Heresy and Orthodoxy 1.4 Heretics: Manichaean Texts (before 350?) 1.5 Orthodoxy's declaration: The Nicene Creed (325) Patristic Thought 1.6 Conversion: Augustine, Confessions (397-401) 1.7 Relating this world to the next: Augustine, The City of God (413-426) 1.8 Monasticism: The Benedictine Rule (c.530-c.560) Saintly Models 1.9 The virginal life: Jerome, Letter 24 (To Marcella) (384) 1.10 The eremitical life: Athanasius, The Life of St. Antony of Egypt (357) 1.11 The active life: Sulpicius Severus, The Life of St. Martin of Tours (397) 1.12 The cult of saints: Gregory of Tours, The Life of Monegundis (580s) Barbarian Kingdoms 1.13 Gothic Italy as Rome's heir: Cassiodorus, Variae (State Papers) (c.507-536) 1.14 The conversion of the Franks: Bishop Avitus of Vienne, Letter to Clovis (508?) 1.15 Gothic Spain converts: The Third Council of Toledo (589) 1.16 Merovingian Gaul's bishop-historian: Gregory of Tours, Histories (576-594) Timeline for Chapter One II. The Emergence of Sibling Cultures (c.600-c.750) The Resilience of Byzantium 2.1 The Siege of Constantinople: The Easter Chronicle (630) Map 2.1: The Siege of Constantinople 2.2 Purifying practice: The Quinisext Council (691/692) 2.3 The iconoclastic argument: The Synod of 754 The Formation of the Islamic World 2.4 The sacred text: Qur'an Suras 1, 53:1-18, 81, 87, 96, 98 (c.610-622) 2.5 Muslim conquests: John of Nikiu, Chronicle (c.690) Map 2.2: The Muslim Conquest of Egypt 2.6 Umayyad diplomacy: The Treaty of Tudmir (713) 2.7 Administration: Letters to 'Abd Allah b. As'ad (c.730-750) 2.8 Praising the caliph: Al-Akhtal, The Tribe Has Departed (c.692) The Impoverished but Inventive West 2.9 The private penitential tradition: Penitential of Finnian (late 6th cent.) 2.10 A royal saint: The Life of Queen Balthild (c.680) 2.11 Reforming the continental Church: Letters to Boniface (723-726) 2.12 Creating a Roman Christian identity for England: Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731) Timeline for Chapter Two III. Creating New Identities (c.750-c.900) The Material Basis of Society 3.1 Manors in the West: Polyptyque of the Church of Saint Mary of Marseille (814-815) 3.2 The Byzantine countryside: Niketas, The Life of Saint Philaretos (821/822) 3.3 The sale of a slave in Italy: A Contract of Sale (725) A Multiplicity of Heroes 3.4 Charlemagne as Roman emperor: Einhard, Life of Charlemagne (825-826?) 3.5 An Abbasid victory in verse: Abu Tammam, The sword gives truer tidings (838) 3.6 Mothers and fathers: Dhuoda, Handbook for Her Son (841-843) 3.7 A Christian hero in northern Iberia: The Chronicle of Alfonso III (early 880s) 3.8 Celebrating local leaders: Abbo of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, Battles of the City of Paris (late 9th cent.) Religion and Politics 3.9 An early view of the Prophet: Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Life of Muhammad (754-767) 3.10 Muhammad's words in the hadith: Al-Bukhari, On Fasting (9th cent.) 3.11 The pope and the Carolingians: Pope Stephen II, Letters to King Pippin III (755-756) 3.12 Modeling the state on Old Testament Israel: The Admonitio Generalis (789) 3.13 The Slavic conversion: Constantine-Cyril, Prologue to the Gospel (863-867) 3.14 The Bulgarian khan in Byzantine guise: Seal of Boris-Michael (864-889) 3.15 The Bulgarians adopt Christianity: Pope Nicholas I, Letter to Answer the Bulgarians' Questions (866) Timeline for Chapter Three IV. Political Communities Reordered (c.900-c.1050) Regionalism: Its Advantages and Its Discontents 4.1 Fragmentation in the Islamic world: Al-Tabari, The Defeat of the Zanj Revolt (c.915) 4.2 The powerful in the Byzantine countryside: Romanus I Lecapenus, Novel (934) 4.3 Evanescent centralization in al-Andalus: Ibn 'Abd Rabbihi, Praise Be to Him (929-940) 4.4 Donating to Cluny: Cluny's Foundation Charter (910) and various charters of donation (10th-11th cent.) Genealogy 4.1: The Grossi 4.5 Love and complaints in Angouleme: Agreement between Count William of the Aquitainians and Hugh IV of Lusignan (1028) 4.6 The Peace of God at Bourges: Andrew of Fleury, The Miracles of St. Benedict (1040-1043) Byzantium in Ascendance 4.7 Patronage of the arts: Theophanes Continuatus, Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (before 963) 4.8 The toils of war: The Epitaph of Basil II (1025) 4.9 Imperial rule under two sisters: Michael Psellus, Zoe and Theodora (before 1063) Scholarship and the Arts across the Islamic World 4.10 Political theory: Al-Farabi, The Perfect State (c.940-942) 4.11 A Jewish poet in al-Andalus: Dunash ben Labrat, There Came a Voice (mid-10th cent.) 4.12 Education: Al-Qabisi, A Treatise Detailing the Circumstances of Students and the Rules Governing Teachers and Students (before 1012) Kingdoms in East Central Europe 4.13 Hungary as heir of Rome: King Stephen, Laws (1000-1038) 4.14 Coming to terms with Catholic Poland: Thietmar of Merseburg, Chronicle (1013-1018) 4.15 Poland's self-image: Boleslaw's Coin (992-1000) 4.16 Kievan Rus': The Russian Primary Chronicle (c.1113, incorporating earlier materials) Northern Europe 4.17 An Ottonian courtier-bishop: Ruotger, Life of Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne (late 960s) 4.18 Law: King AEthelred II, Law Code (1008) 4.19 Christianity comes to Denmark: The Jelling Monument (960s) 4.20 The Vikings as enemies: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c.1048?) Map 4.1: Southern England 4.21 The Vikings as heroes: Egil's Saga (10th cent./13th cent.) Timeline for Chapter Four V. New Configurations (c.1050-c.1150) The Seljuk Transformation 5.1 The Seljuks as enemies: Abu'l-Fazl Beyhaqi, The Battle of Dandanqan (before 1077) Map 5.1: The Early Seljuk Empire 5.2 Shi'ites vilified: Nizam al-Mulk, The Book of Policy (1091) A Profit Economy 5.3 Cultivating new lands: Frederick of Hamburg's Agreement with Colonists from Holland (1106) 5.4 Urban commerce: Ibn 'Abdun, Regulations for the Market at Seville (early 12th cent.) 5.5 The role of royal patronage: Henry I, Privileges for the Citizens of London (1130-1133) Church Reform 5.6 The pope's challenge: Gregory VII, Admonition to Henry IV (1075) 5.7 The royal response: Henry IV, Letter to Gregory VII (1075) 5.8 The papal view: Gregory VII, Letter to Hermann of Metz (1076) The Clergy in Action 5.9 Dressing for the liturgy: Vesting Prayers (c.1000?) 5.10 Keeping tabs: A Visitation Record (1268) The First Crusade 5.11 Calling the crusade: Robert the Monk, Pope Urban II Preaches the First Crusade (1095) 5.12 Jewish martyrs: Solomon bar Samson, Chronicle (c.1140) 5.13 A Westerner in the Holy Land: Stephen of Blois, Letter to His Wife (March 1098) 5.14 The Muslim view: Ibn al-Qalanisi, The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades (before 1160) The Norman Conquest of England 5.15 The pro-Norman position: William of Jumieges, The Deeds of the Dukes of the Normans (c.1070) 5.16 The native position: Florence of Worcester, Chronicle of Chronicles (early 12th cent.) 5.17 The Conquest depicted: The Bayeux Tapestry (end of the 11th cent.) 5.18 Exploiting the Conquest: Domesday Book (1087) The Twelfth-Century Renaissance 5.19 Logic: Peter Abelard, Glosses on Porphyry (c.1100) 5.20 Medical science: Constantine the African's translation of Johannitius's Isagoge (before 1098) Cluniacs and Cistercians 5.21 The Cistercian view: St. Bernard, Apologia (1125) 5.22 The Cluniac view: Peter the Venerable, Miracles (mid-1130s-mid-1150s) Timeline for Chapter Five Sources Index of Names, Places, and Readings
