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Psychology of Learning and Motivation Brian H. Ross (Professor of Psychology and of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Psychology of Learning and Motivation By Brian H. Ross (Professor of Psychology and of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Summary

Presents a variety of perspectives from within and outside moral psychology. This title argues that causal models are the canonical representational medium underlying moral reasoning, and offers an account that makes use of linguistic structures and implicates legal concepts. It discusses the development of moral characters in children.

Psychology of Learning and Motivation Summary

Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Moral Judgment and Decision Making: Volume 50 by Brian H. Ross (Professor of Psychology and of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

This volume presents a variety of perspectives from within and outside moral psychology. Recently there has been an explosion of research in moral psychology, but it is one of the subfields most in need of bridge-building, both within and across areas. Interests in moral phenomena have spawned several separate lines of research that appear to address similar concerns from a variety of perspectives. The contributions to this volume examine key theoretical and empirical issues these perspectives share that connect these issues with the broader base of theory and research in social and cognitive psychology. The first two chapters discuss the role of mental representation in moral judgment and reasoning. Sloman, Fernbach, and Ewing argue that causal models are the canonical representational medium underlying moral reasoning, and Mikhail offers an account that makes use of linguistic structures and implicates legal concepts. Bilz and Nadler follow with a discussion of the ways in which laws, which are typically construed in terms of affecting behavior, exert an influence on moral attitudes, cognition, and emotions. Baron and Ritov follow with a discussion of how people's moral cognition is often driven by law-like rules that forbid actions and suggest that value-driven judgment is relatively less concerned by the consequences of those actions than some normative standards would prescribe. Iliev et al. argue that moral cognition makes use of both rules and consequences, and review a number of laboratory studies that suggest that values influence what captures our attention, and that attention is a powerful determinant of judgment and preference. Ginges follows with a discussion of how these value-related processes influence cognition and behavior outside the laboratory, in high-stakes, real-world conflicts. Two subsequent chapters discuss further building blocks of moral cognition. Lapsley and Narvaez discuss the development of moral characters in children, and Reyna and Casillas offer a memory-based account of moral reasoning, backed up by developmental evidence. Their theoretical framework is also very relevant to the phenomena discussed in the Sloman et al., Baron and Ritov, and Iliev et al. chapters. The final three chapters are centrally focused on the interplay of hot and cold cognition. They examine the relationship between recent empirical findings in moral psychology and accounts that rely on concepts and distinctions borrowed from normative ethics and decision theory. Connolly and Hardman focus on bridge-building between contemporary discussions in the judgment and decision making and moral judgment literatures, offering several useful methodological and theoretical critiques. Ditto, Pizarro, and Tannenbaum argue that some forms of moral judgment that appear objective and absolute on the surface are, at bottom, more about motivated reasoning in service of some desired conclusion. Finally, Bauman and Skitka argue that moral relevance is in the eye of the perceiver and emphasize an empirical approach to identifying whether people perceive a given judgment as moral or non-moral. They describe a number of behavioral implications of people's reported perception that a judgment or choice is a moral one, and in doing so, they suggest that the way in which researchers carve out the moral domain a priori might be dubious.

About Brian H. Ross (Professor of Psychology and of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Brian H. Ross is a Professor of Psychology and of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research areas have included problem solving, complex learning, categorization, reasoning, memory, and mathematical modeling. He has been funded by the National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Institute of Education Sciences. Ross has been Editor-in-Chief of the journal Memory & Cognition, Chair of the Governing Board of the Psychonomic Society, and co-author of a textbook, Cognitive Psychology. He has held temporary leadership positions on the University of Illinois campus as Department Head of Psychology, Associate Dean of the Sciences, and Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Ross has degrees from Brown University (B.S., Honors in Psychology), Rutgers University (M.S. in Mathematical Statistics), Yale University (M.S. in Psychology), and Stanford University (PhD.). Ross has been Editor of The Psychology of Learning and Motivation since 2000. Douglas L. Medin is the series editor of The Psychology of Learning and Motivation.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Causal Models: The Representational Infrastructure for Moral Judgment Steven A. Sloman, Philip M. Fernbach, and Scott Ewing Chapter 2 Moral Grammar and Intuitive Jurisprudence: A Formal Model of Unconscious Moral and Legal Knowledge John Mikhail Chapter 3 Law, Psychology, and Morality Kenworthey Bilz and Janice Nadler Chapter 4 Protected Values and Omission Bias as Deontological Judgments Jonathan Baron and Ilana Ritov Chapter 5 Attending to Moral Values Rumen Iliev, Sonya Sachdeva, Daniel M. Bartels, Craig Joseph, Satoru Suzuki, and Douglas L. Medin Chapter 6 Noninstrumental Reasoning over Sacred Values: An Indonesian Case Study Jeremy Ginges and Scott Atran Chapter 7 Development and Dual Processes in Moral Reasoning: A Fuzzy-trace Theory Approach Valerie F. Reyna and Wanda Casillas Chapter 8 Moral Identity, Moral Functioning, and the Development of Moral Character Darcia Narvaez and Daniel K. Lapsley Chapter 9 "Fools Rush In": A JDM Perspective on the Role of Emotions in Decisions, Moral and Otherwise Chapter 10 Motivated Moral Reasoning Peter H. Ditto, David A. Pizarro, and David Tannenbaum Chapter 11 In the Mind of the Perceiver: Psychological Implications of Moral Conviction Christopher W. Bauman and Linda J. Skitka

Additional information

NPB9780123744883
9780123744883
0123744881
Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Moral Judgment and Decision Making: Volume 50 by Brian H. Ross (Professor of Psychology and of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
New
Hardback
Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
2009-02-09
384
N/A
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