List of contributors; 1. Introduction, Brian Paltridge and Aek Phakiti (University of Sydney, Australia); Part I: Research methods and approaches; 2. Experimental research, Susan Gass (Michigan State University, USA); 3. Survey research, Elvis Wagner (Columbia Teachers' College, USA); 4. Analysing quantitative data, Aek Phakiti (University of Sydney, Australia); 5. Ethnographies, Sue Starfield (University of New South Wales, Australia); 6. Case studies, Christine Pearson Casanave (Temple University, Tokyo); 7. Action research, Anne Burns (Macquarie University, Australia); 8. Analysing qualitative data, Adrian Holliday (Christ Church University, UK); 9. Research syntheses, Lourdes Ortega (University of Hawa'ii, USA); 10. Critical research in applied linguistics, Steven Talmy (University of British Columbia, Canada); Part II: Areas of research; 11. Researching speaking, Rebecca Hughes (University of Nottingham, UK); 12. Researching listening, Larry Vandergrift (University of Ottawa, Canada); 13. Researching reading, Marie Stevenson (University of Sydney, Australia); 14. Researching writing, Ken Hyland (University of London, UK); 15. Researching grammar, Neomy Storch (University of Melbourne, Australia); 16. Researching vocabulary, David Hirsh (University of Sydney, Australia); 17. Researching pragmatics, Carsten Roever (University of Melbourne, Australia); 18. Researching discourse, Brian Paltridge and Wei Wang (University of Sydney, Australia); 19. Researching language classrooms, Lesley Harbon and Huizhong Shen (University of Sydney, Australia); 20. Researching language testing, John Read (University of Auckland, New Zealand); 21. Researching motivation, Lindy Woodrow (University of Sydney, Australia); 22. Researching language and gender, Jane Sunderland (Lancaster University, UK); 23. Researching language and identity, David Block (University of London, UK); Glossary of key research terms; Index.