List of figures List of tables Introduction Chapter 1 The nature of geoarchaeology The nature of geoarchaeology and its practitioners The three major traditions in geoarchaeology The field and its status in and outside science Practice, training, and rapidly evolving subfields Chapter 2 Theoretical and methodological foundations Introduction Theory in geoarchaeology The geoarchaeological method Models of inquiry and interpretation Reconstructing the past The explanation of a complex and chaotic world Concluding remarks Chapter 3 The geoarchaeological record: Concept and contexts An epistemological background An all-inclusive geoarchaeological record The contextual levels: site, setting, landscape and environment Models of interpretation Chapter 4 The geoarchaeological record: Interpretation issues Visualizing time, causality, and context Causality in natural and cultural transform processes Time-transgressive phenomena and multi-causal effects Archaeological visibility, invisibility, and absence The virtues of off-site geoarchaeology Legacy effects, relicts, and palimpsests Modern analogs, reference analogs, and modern references Sampling and interpretation of the record Correlation and its issues Chapter 5 The human-environmental tradition in geoarchaeology Introduction The ecological paradigm The ecological context in geoarchaeology Geoarchaeology after Archaeology as Human Ecology The rise of the Anthropocene and global climate change Perspectives on the anthropic and non-anthropic worlds Geoarchaeology and environmental history Chapter 6 Geoarchaeology and human evolution Introduction Geology, climate changes, and biogeography Geoarchaeology in paleoanthropological research Contextual and issues Case 6.1 Context and scale in the Olduvai hominin record Chapter 7 Geoarchaeology and the anthropization of the world Introduction The proto-anthropic period as a gray zone Geoarchaeology and the pre- and proto-anthropic periods Case 7.1 Between paleontological and archaeological sites: Geoarchaeological issues in Pre-Clovis mammoth localities Case 7.2 The geoarchaeology of early Australian human environments at Lake Mungo Chapter 8 The geoarchaeology of hunter-gatherer landscapes Introduction Hunter-gatherer societies and their environmental contexts Geoarchaeological approaches to hunter-gatherer landscaapes Case 8.1 Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers of the Eastern Levant. Sites, settings and landscapes in a rapidly changing environment Case 8.2: The geoarchaeology of the Archaic period in the Great Plains of North America Chapter 9 The record of early agriculture and its diffusion Introduction Agricultural beginnings: Contextual models Neolithic impacts at different scales Geoarchaeological context and research strategies Case 9.1 Geoarchaeology of two Near Eastern Neolithic settlements: Ain Ghazal and Ain Abu-Nukhaila, and the first agricultural environmental crisis Case 9.2 The elusive environmental impact of the arrival of pastoralism in Southern Africa. Chapter 10 Complex societal-environmental systems and the collapse phenomenon Introduction Complex societal-environmental systems The rise and collapse phenomenon Research contexts Case 10.1 Ancient sustainability, risks, management, and centralization in large river basins: Three examples. Case 10.2 The Classic Maya collapse and the degradation of soils in the Maya lowlands: Geoarchaeological models of landscape transformation. Chapter 11 The geoarchaeology of rural landscapes Introduction The rural landscape: concepts and environmental approaches Geoarchaeological strategies in rural contexts Case 11.1 The Ancient Greek rural landscape of Crimea Case 11.2 Xaltocan: The geoarchaeology of a complex lacustrine society before Tenochtitlan. Chapter 12 Human-environmental approaches to soils and paleosols Introduction Thematic approaches to paleosols The
