This is a complete reference to all types of learning disabilities - their symptoms, causes, and treatments. The Encyclopedia of Learning Disabilities, Second Edition is a comprehensive guide to all types of learning disabilities, including how they function, how they can be diagnosed, and how they can be treated. Today, learning disabilities are becoming more and more common. With more than 650 entries, 25 of which are new, this thoroughly revised and updated volume explains all the relevant topics from special legislation to educational tools to child development. Appendixes listing important organizations, government information, sources, assistive technology resources, and relevant books and Web sites make this the most comprehensive handy reference on learning disabilities available. New and revised entries include: adaptive skills; assistive technology; bipolar disorder; child disintegrative disorder; dioxins; early childhood assessment; fetal alcohol syndrome; Landau-Kleffner syndrome; nonverbal learning disabilities; spasmodic dysphonia; traumatic brain injury; and, Williams syndrome.