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The New Century, Fifth Edition, provides the answers today's students need as writers and researchers in a digital age. From databases to social networking, this handbook shows students how to use technologies to make appropriate rhetorical choices and to become more successful college writers in all of their courses, while also providing clear, comprehensive coverage of handbook basics-writing, grammar and usage, research, and documentation.
1 WRITING IN A DIGITAL AGE
1 Saying What You Mean to Say in a Digital World
a Why do we write?
b How important is writing to success in college and beyond?
c How do we communicate effectively?
d How does technology make a difference to our writing?
e How can this handbook help you succeed as a writer?
2 Critical Reading and Viewing
a Think critically
b Read actively and critically
c View images actively and critically
3 Planning and Drafting
a An overview of the writing process
b Experiment and explore
c Invent and prewrite
d Gather information but avoid plagiarism
e Plan and organize
f Compose a draft
g Collaborate
hstudent sample Draft
4 Formulating Arguments
a Formulate an arguable thesis
b Consider your purpose and audience
c Consider the genre
d Generate good supporting evidence
Student sample Argument paper
e Take note of evidence for alternative views
f Develop and test your main points
g Build a compelling case
h Avoid logical and emotional fallacies
i Structure the argument
j Electronic argument
k Visual argument
5 Structuring Paragraphs
a Write unified paragraphs
b Write coherent paragraphs with clear patterns of organization
c Write coherent paragraphs with sentence-linking techniques
d Be consistent with verb tense, person and number
e Use parallelism to make sentences coherent
f Decide on appropriate paragraph length
g Link paragraphs together with key words
h Construct effective introductory and concluding paragraphs
6 Rewriting
a Shift from writer to reader
b Revise
c Edit
d Proofread
e Give and receive feedback electronically
f student sample Final paper
2 RESEARCH
7 The Research Project
a Become a researcher
b Make a schedule
c Create a research notebook
d Create a working bibliography
e Gather additional background information
f Conduct focused research
8 Using the Internet for Research
a Use Internet sources throughout the research process
b Get to know the Internet and the Web
c Search the Internet and the Web
d Student samples Searches of the Internet and library databases
9 Evaluating Electronic and Print Sources
a Choose legitimate sources
b Student sample A student's evaluation of Web links
10 Using Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism
a Use sources responsibly
b Avoid plagiarism when you use sources
c Paraphrase sources accurately
d Student sample Avoid plagiarism when using Internet sources
e Summarize sources briefly
f Avoid plagiarism when you summarize
g Quote sources sparingly
h Avoid plagiarism when you quote
11 Writing the Research Paper
a Review your rhetorical stance and thesis.
b Plan a structure
c Write a draft
d Review and revise the draft
e Follow formatting conventions
f Student sample Review an annotated student research paper
12 MLA Documentation Style
a Document using mla style
A directory to mla style
b Electronic media in mla style
13 APA Documentation Style
a Document using apa style
A directory to apa style
b Electronic media in apa style
14 CMS and CSE Documentation Styles
a Document using the Chicago Manual of Style (cms)
a directory to cms style
b Document using cse style
A directory to cse style
3 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES
15 Writing in the Disciplines
a Disciplinary research
b Disciplinary discourse
16 Writing in the Humanities
a Know the different types of writing in the humanities
b Write interpretively or analytically about literature
c Review some model student papers
Student sample (MLA) Literary interpretation
Student sample (MLA) Literary analysis
d Look to the Internet and library for resources
A directory of resources for the humanities
17 Writing in the Natural Sciences
a Know the different types of writing in the natural sciences
b Write objectively about science
c Student sample (CSE) Research report
d Look to the Internet and library for resources
A directory of resources for the sciences and technology
18 Writing in the Social Sciences
a Know the different types of writing in the social sciences
b Write persuasively about social science
c Student sample (APA) Research report
d Look to the Internet and library for resources
A directory of resources for the social sciences
4 DOCUMENT DESIGN
19 The Basics of Good Design
a Follow the three basic design principles
b Use formatting tools
c Use graphics
d The ethics of downloading images
e Respect different norms and preferences
20 Designing Specific Documents
a Produce a simple brochure
b Produce a simple newsletter
c Generate a basic design for the Web
d Plan your Web document
e Write your Web document
5 WRITING FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
21 Electronic Communication
a The rhetoric of etools
b Use email effectively
c Use online networks effectively
d Use instant communications effectively
e Use Web course tools effectively
22 Business Correspondence and Reports
a Write concise and professional business letters
b Write specifically tailored letters of application
c Write densely but appropriately packed resumes
d Write clearly organized reports
e Write focused memos
5 Student samples
23 Oral Presentations Using PowerPoint and Other Tools
a Prepare thoroughly
b Select visual aids carefully
c Design overhead transparencies
d Use PowerPoint effectively
e Practice, practice, practice
f Speak with enthusiasm and focus
24 Essay Exams
a Prepare for an essay exam
b Attend to the writing process
c Student samples Responses to an essay exam question
25 Writing Portfolios
a Learn about portfolios
b Develop a writing portfolio
c Prepare the final portfolio
d Student sample Reflective cover letter
6 SENTENCE GRAMMAR
26 Sentence Structure
a Learn to identify parts of speech
b Learn to identify basic sentence patterns
c Learn to expand sentences
d Learn how to classify sentences
27 Pronoun Case
a Subjects and subject complements (I, he, she, they, who)
b Objects (me, him, her, them, whom)
c In compound constructions
d Who or whom
e Possessive adjectives and pronouns
f In comparisons
28 Verbs
a Regular verb forms
b Common irregular verb forms
c Auxiliary verbs
d Tenses
e Sequence of tenses
f Transitive and intransitive verbs: sit/set, lie/lay, rise/ raise
g Active and passive voice
h Mood
29 Agreement
a Plural and singular subjects and verbs
b Modified subjects
c Compound subjects
d Subjects joined by or or nor
e Indefinite pronouns
f Collective nouns
g Nouns with plural form but singular meaning
h Linking verbs
i With there or here and to be
30 Adjectives and Adverbs
a Adjectives
b Overuse of nouns as modifiers
c Adverbs
d Good and well or bad and badly
e Comparative and superlative forms
7 CORRECT SENTENCES
31 Sentence Fragments
a Make sentences grammatically complete
b Connect dependent clauses
c Connect phrases
d Use sentence fragments only for special effect
32 Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences
a Turn one clause into a subordinate clause
b Separate clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction
c Separate independent clauses with a semicolon
d Separate independent clauses with a period
33 Pronoun Reference and Agreement
a Noun antecedents
b This, that, which, and it
c Mixed uses of it
d That, which, and who
e Agreement
f Sexist pronouns
34 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
a Positioning modifiers
b Avoid ambiguity
c Placement of lengthy modifiers
d Disruptive modifiers
e Dangling modifiers
35 Faulty Shifts
a Person and number
b Verb tense, mood, subject, and voice
c Tone
d Mixed constructions
e Subjects and predicates
f Direct and indirect discourse
8 EFFECTIVE SENTENCES
36 Clarity and Conciseness
a Length
b Repetition and redundancy
c Expletives
d Passive voice
e Wordiness
f Noun-heavy style
g Express your meaning precisely
h That to clarify sentence structure
i Comparisons
j Multiple negation
37 Coordination and Subordination
a Combine closely related sentences
b Coordinate related sentences
c Subordinate less important ideas
38 Parallelism
a Parallel content in parallel form
b Lists and series
c With correlative conjunctions
d For comparisons or contrasts
e Make parallel constructions complete and clear
f Enhance coherence
39 Emphasis
a End-weight
b Selective repetition
c Contrast
d Careful word choice
40 Variety
a Length
b Structure
c Repetition
d Different standards and purposes
9 STYLE AND USAGE
41 Choosing the Right Words
a Denotation
b Connotation
c Level of formality
d Jargon, slang, or dialect
e Pretentiousness
f Figurative language
42 Language And Power
a Correctness
b Language and identity
c Gender
d Race and ethnicity
e Age
f Other differences
43 Building a Powerful Vocabulary
a Roots, prefixes, and suffixes
b Denotations and connotations
c Related words
44 Using a Thesaurus and a Dictionary
a A thesaurus to find the exact word
b A dictionary to learn about words
45 Spelling
a Spell checker
b Homophones
A directory of homophones
c Common spelling errors
d General spelling rules and patterns
10 PUNCTUATION
46 End Punctuation
The period
The question mark
The exclamation point
47 The Comma
a After an introductory phrase or clause
b To separate independent clauses
c Between items in a series
d To separate coordinate adjectives
e To set off nonessential elements
f To set off conjunctive adverbs
g With dates, place names and addresses, titles and degrees, and numbers
h With speaker tags
i With markers of direct address
j Misuse of commas
48 The Semicolon
a With independent clauses
b With a conjunctive adverb
c In a series with internal punctuation
d Placement
e Common semicolon errors
49 The Colon
a To introduce a list or an appositive
b To set off a second independent clause
c To introduce a quotation
d In titles
e In business correspondence
f In numbers and addresses
50 The Apostrophe
a To indicate possession
b To indicate contractions and omitted letters
c To mark plural forms
d Misusing the apostrophe
51 Quotation Marks
a For exact direct quotations
b To suggest skepticism
c To indicate shifts in register
d With titles of short works
e Standard punctuation practice
52 Other Punctuation Marks
Parentheses
Dashes
Brackets
Ellipses
Slashes
11 MECHANICS
53 Capital Letters and Italics
54 Abbreviations and Numbers
55 The Hyphen
a Compounds
b In adjectives before nouns
c In spelled-out fractions and numbers
d To avoid ambiguity and awkward spellings
e For end-of-line word division
12 ESL ISSUES
56 Tips on Nouns and Articles
57 Tips on Verbs
Phrasal verbs
Verb complements
Verbs of state
Modal auxiliary verbs
Conditional sentences
58 Tips on Vocabulary
Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms
Glossary of Usage
Index