Outlawry and espionage would seem to be quite different phenomena, rarely discussed together, but this book shows that they have something in common - both involve exclusion from law. Challenging previous readings that view outlawry as a now-superseded historical phenomenon, and outlaws as figures of popular resistance, Conor McCarthy argues that legal exclusion is a longstanding and enduring means of supporting state power. Through close analysis of the literatures of outlawry and espionage, this book shows the important role of literature in representing and critiquing exclusion from law. It uncovers legal exclusion as a key theme in writing about outlaws and spies from the Middle Ages to the present day, as a means to offer critique and to demand justice.Texts discussed range from the medieval Robin Hood ballads, Shakespeare's history plays and versions of the Ned Kelly story to contemporary writing by John le Carre, Don DeLillo, Ciaran Carson and William Gibson.