Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology?
The Scope Of Biological Anthropology
The Roots Of Modern Biological Anthropology
Anthropology And Its Other Subfields
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Part I: Mechanisms of Evolution
Chapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought
What Is Science?
The Early Thinkers
The Road To The Darwinian Revolution
The Darwinian Revolution
The Response To Darwin
Science And Creationism
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules
Genetics
The Cell
DNA Structure And Function
Molecular Tools For Bioanthropological Research
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 3: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype
From Genotype To Phenotype
Mendelian Genetics
Mutation
Genetics Beyond Mendel
Phenylketonuria: Illustrating Mendelian And Post-Mendelian Concepts
Genes And Environments
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 4 : The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species
How Evolution Works
Classification And Evolution
Levels Of Selection
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 5: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability
Human Variation At The Individual And Group Level
Historical Perspectives On Human Variation
Population Genetics
Polymorphisms And Natural Selection In Human Populations
Adaptation And Adaptability
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Part II: PRIMATES
Chapter 6: The Primates
The Primate Radiation
A Guide To The Nonhuman Primates
Primate Ecology
Primate Communities
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 7: Primate Behavior
Studying Primates
The Evolution Of Primate Social Behavior
Why Are Nonhuman Primates Social?
Reconstructing The Evolution Of Primate Societies
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Part III: PALEONTOLOGY AND PRIMATE EVOLUTION
Chapter 8: Fossils in Geological Context
How To Become A Fossil
The Importance Of Context
How Old Is It?
The Earth In The Cenozoic
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 9: Origin of Primates
The Mesozoic And Beyond
Changes In The Paleocene: Origin Of The Primates?
Early Primates Of The Eocene
Evolution Of Higher Primates
Molecular Evolution In Primates
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 10: Becoming Human: The Ape-Hominid Transition
Becoming a Biped
The Transition to Human Behavior
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Part IV: The Human Fossil Record
Chapter 11: Early Hominids
Will You Know A Hominid When You See One?
The First Hominids?
Australopithecus And Kin
Understanding The Australopithecine Radiation
Questions For Future Paleoanthropologists
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 12: Rise of the Genus Homo
Defining The Genus Homo
Earliest Genus Homo
Early Tool Use
Hunting And Scavenging
Who Was Homo Erectus?
Homo Erectus Around The World
The Lifeways Of Homo Erectus
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 13: Archaic Homo sapiensand Neandertals
Hominid Evolution In The Middle To Late Pleistocene
Archaic Homo Sapiens
Behavior Of Archaic Homo Sapiens
The Neandertals
Neandertal Behavior
Phylogenetic And Taxonomic Issues: An Overview
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 14:The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens
The Emergence Of Modern Humans
Models Of Modern Human Origins
Anatomy And Distribution Of Early Humans
Archaeology Of Modern Human Origins
Molecular Genetics And Human Origins
Interpreting Models Of Human Origins
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Part V: Biology and behavior of modern humans
Chapter 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language
Issues In Hominid Brain Evolution
Language: Biology And Evolution
Brain Size, Language, And Intelligence
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 16: Biomedical Anthropology
Epidemiology: Basic Tools For Biomedical Anthropology
Biocultural And Evolutionary Approaches To Disease
Birth, Growth, And Aging
Infectious Disease And Biocultural Evolution
Diet And Disease
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 17: The Evolution of Human Behavior
Studying The Evolution Of Human Behavior
Traditional Lives In Evolutionary Ecological Perspective
Sexual Selection And Human Behavior
Language-Related Cross-Cultural Behaviors
Behavioral Disease
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Chapter 18: Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
Life, Death, And The Skeleton
Field Recovery Methods
Laboratory Processing, Curation, And Chain Of Custody
The Biological Profile
Taphonomy
DNA, Kinship, And Identity
Identification And Forensic Anthropology
Applications Of Bioarchaeology
Applications Of Forensic Anthropology
Epilogue
Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Readings
Appendix A An Overview of the Brain
Appendix B Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy
Appendix C The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Appendix D Metric-Imperial Conversions
