Preface General Key to the Maps INTRODUCTORY MAPS Physical Political, 2000 Natural Resources Demographic Cultural ERA OF BYZANTINE HEGEMONY, 600-1355 The East Roman Balkans, Late 6th Century Avar, Slav, and Bulgar Invasions, 7th Century Rise of the First Bulgarian Empire, 7th-10th Centuries Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire, Mid 10th-Early 11th Centuries Rise of Medieval Croatia, 10th-12th Centuries The Balkans, Late 12th Century Crusades in the Balkans, Late 11th-Early 13th Centuries The Balkans After the Fourth Crusade, 1204-1214 Byzantium Resurrected, 1261-1328 Rise of the Romanian Principalities, Mid 13th-14th Centuries Rise of Medieval Bosnia, 13th-14th Centuries Rise of Medieval Serbia, 13th-Mid 14th Centuries Political Fragmentation, Mid 14th Century ERA OF OTTOMAN DOMINATION, 1355-1804 Ottoman Expansion in the Balkans, Mid 14th-Early 16th Centuries Fall of Constantinople, 1453 (and Ottoman Istanbul) Apex of Ottoman Expansion, Mid 16th Century Ottoman Millet Organization, Mid 16th-17th Centuries Habsburg Croatian-Slavonian Military Border, 17th-18th Centuries The Ottoman Balkans, Late 17th-18th Centuries ERA OF ROMANTIC NATIONALISM, 1804-1878 Emergence of Modern Balkan States, 1804-1856 The 'Balkan Crisis' of 1875-1876 The 'San Stefano' Balkans, March 1878 The 'Berlin' Balkans, July 1878 ERA OF NATION-STATE NATIONALISM, 1878-1944 Balkan State Territorial Expansion, 1881-1886 The 'Macedonian Question' The Balkans, 1908 Bosnia-Hercegovina, 1908-1914 The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913 World War I in the Balkans The Post-Versailles/Lausanne Balkans, 1923 Yugoslavia, 1929-1941 Post-Trianon Romania, 1920-1938 The 'Transylvanian Question' Bulgaria, 1919-1940 Greece, 1923-1941 Albania, 1921-1940 The Balkans, 1939-1940 World War II-The 1941 Balkan Campaign The Axis-Dominated Balkans, 1941-1944 ERA OF COMMUNIST DOMINATION, 1944-1991 Balkan Cominform States, 1945-1947 The Greek Civil War, 1946-1949 Splits in Communism, 1948-1960 Collapse of Communism, 1989-1991 ERA OF POST-COMMUNISM, 1991-PRESENT Wars of Yugoslav Succession, 1991-1995 The 'Kosovo Crisis,' 1999 Selected Bibliography Index
