This study is the first to consider the consequences of Britain's abolition of the Atlantic slave trade for British imperial expansion and the world economy. It argues that the British led the way in ending that trade just when it was beginning to be important for the world economy, when there was a great need for labour around the world, and shows that Britain's control of the slave trade and great reliance on slave labour had played a major role in its empire's rise to world economic dominance. Contesting the view that Britain stood to benefit from the abolition of the slave trade, the author shows that British economic expansion was hindered greatly as a result.