1. Worlds Apart. Native American Societies before 1492
Paleo-Indians and the Archaic Period
The Development of Agriculture
Nonfarming Societies
Mesoamerican Civilizations
North America's Diverse Cultures
The Caribbean Islanders
West African Societies
Geographical and Political Differences
Family Structure and Religion
European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave Trade
Western Europe on the Eve of Exploration
The Consolidation of Political and Military Authority
Religious Conflict and the Protestant Reformation
Contact
The Lure of Discovery
Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to Asia
The Spanish Conquest and Colonization
The Columbian Exchange
Cultural Perceptions and Misperceptions
Competition for a Continent
Early French Efforts in North America
English Attempts in the New World
2. Transplantation, 1600-1685. The French in North America
The Quest for Furs and Converts
The Development of New France
The Dutch Overseas Empire
The Dutch East India Company
The West India Company and New Netherland
English Settlement in the Chesapeake
The Ordeal of Early Virginia
The Importance of Tobacco
Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics
Life in the Chesapeake Colonies
The Founding of New England
The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony and Its Offshoots
Families, Farms, and Communities in Early New England
Competition in the Caribbean
Sugar and Slaves
A Biracial Society
The Restoration Colonies
Early Carolina: Colonial Aristocracy and Slave Labor
Pennsylvania: The Dream of Toleration and Peace
New Netherland Becomes New York
3. The Creation of New Worlds. Indians and Europeans
Indian Workers in the Spanish Borderlands
The Web of Trade
Displacing Native Americans in the English Colonies
Bringing Christianity to Native Peoples
After the First Hundred Years: Conflict and War
Africans and Europeans
Labor Needs and the Turn to Slavery
The Shock of Enslavement
African Slaves in the New World
African American Families and Communities
Resistance and Rebellion
European Laborers in Early America
A Spectrum of Control
New European Immigrants
4. Convergence and Conflict, 1660s-1763. Economic Development and Imperial Trade in the British Colonies
The Regulation of Trade
The Colonial Export Trade and the Spirit of Enterprise
The Import Trade and Ties of Credit
Becoming More Like Britain: The Growth of Cities and Inequality
The Transformation of Culture
Goods and Houses
Shaping Minds and Manners
Colonial Religion and the Great Awakening
The Colonial Political World
The Dominion of New England and the Limits of British Control
The Legacy of the Glorious Revolution
Diverging Politics in the Colonies and Great Britain
Expanding Empires
British Colonists in the Backcountry
The Spanish in Texas and California
The French along the Mississippi and in Louisiana
A Century of Warfare
Imperial Conflict and the Establishment of an American Balance of Power, 1689-1738
King George's War Shifts the Balance, 1739-1754
The French and Indian War, 1754-1760: A Decisive Victory
The Triumph of the British Empire, 1763
5. Imperial Breakdown, 1763-1774. Imperial Reorganization
British Problems
Dealing with the New Territories
The Status of Native Americans
Curbing the Assemblies
The Sugar and Stamp Acts
American Reactions
Constitutional Issues
Taxation and the Political Culture
Protesting the Taxes
The Aftermath of the Stamp Act Crisis
A Strained Relationship
Regulator Movements
The Townshend Crisis
Townshend's Plan
American Boycott
The Boston Massacre
The Quiet Period
The Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
The Road to Revolution
Protestantism and the American Response to the Intolerable Acts
The First Continental Congress
The Continental Association
Political Divisions
6. The War for Independence, 1774-1783. The Outbreak of War and the Declaration of Independence, 1774-1776
Mounting Tensions
The Loyalists' Dilemma
British Coercion and Conciliation
The Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Second Continental Congress, 1775-1776
Commander in Chief George Washington
Early Fighting: Massachusetts, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Canada
Independence
Religion, Virtue, and Republicanism
The Combatants
Professional Soldiers
Women in the Contending Armies
African-American Participation in the War
Native Americans and the War
The War in the North, 1776-1777
Britain Hesitates: Crucial Battles in New York and New Jersey
The Year of the Hangman: Victory at Saratoga and Winter at Valley Forge
The War Widens, 1778-1781
The United States Gains an Ally
Fighting on the Frontier and at Sea
The Land War Moves South
American Counterattacks
The American Victory, 1782-1783
The Peace of Paris
The Components of Success
The War and Society, 1775-1783
The Women's War
Effect of the War on African Americans
The War's Impact on Native Americans
Economic Disruption
The Price of Victory
7. The First Republic, 1776-1789. The New Order of Republicanism
Defining the People
The State Constitutions
The Articles of Confederation
Problems at Home
The Fiscal Crisis
Economic Depression
The Economic Policies of the States
Congress and the West
Diplomatic Weaknesses
Impasse with Britain
Spain and the Mississippi River
Toward a New Union
The Road to Philadelphia
The Convention at Work
Overview of the Constitution
The Struggle over Ratification
8. A New Republic and the Rise of the Parties, 1789-1800. Washington's America
The Uniformity of New England
The Pluralism of the Mid-Atlantic Region
The Slave South and Its Backcountry
The Growing West
Forging a New Government
Mr. President and the Bill of Rights
Departments and Courts
Revenue and Trade
Hamilton and the Public Credit
Reaction and Opposition
The Emergence of Parties
The French Revolution
Securing the Frontier
The Whiskey Rebellion
Treaties with Britain and Spain
The First Partisan Election
The Last Federalist Administration
The French Crisis and the XYZ Affair
Crisis at Home
The End of the Federalists
9. The Triumph and Collapse of Jeffersonian Republicanism, 1800-1824. Jefferson's Presidency
Reform at Home
The Louisiana Purchase
Florida and Western Schemes
Embargo and a Crippled Presidency
Madison and the Coming of War
The Failure of Economic Sanctions
The Frontier and Indian Resistance
Decision for War
The War of 1812
Setbacks in Canada
Western Victories and British Offensives
The Treaty of Ghent and the Battle of New Orleans
The Era of Good Feelings
Economic Nationalism
Judicial Nationalism
Toward a Continental Empire
The Breakdown of Unity
The Panic of 1819
The Missouri Compromise
The Election of 1824
10. The Jacksonian Era, 1824-1845. The Egalitarian Impulse
The Extension of White Male Democracy
The Popular Religious Revolt
The Rise of the Jacksonians
Jackson's Presidency
Jackson's Appeal
Indian Removal
The Nullification Crisis
The Bank War
Van Buren and Hard Times
The Panic of 1837
The Independent Treasury
Uproar over Slavery
The Rise of the Whig Party
The Party Taking Shape
Whig Persuasion
The Election of 1840
The Whigs in Power
Harrison and Tyler
The Texas Issue
The Election of 1844
11. Slavery and the Old South, 1800-1860. The Lower South
Cotton and Slaves
The Profits of Slavery
The Upper South
A Period of Economic Adjustment
The Decline of Slavery
Slave Life and Culture
Work Routines and Living Conditions
Families and Religion
Resistance
Free Society
The Slaveholding Minority
The White Majority
Free Black People
The Proslavery Argument
Religious Arguments
Racial Arguments
12. The Market Revolution and Social Reform, 1815-1850. Industrial Change and Urbanization
The Transportation Revolution
Cities and Immigrants
The Industrial Revolution
Growing Inequality and New Classes
Reform and Moral Order
The Benevolent Empire
The Temperance Movement
Women's Role in Reform
Backlash against Benevolence
Institutions and Social Improvement
School Reform
Prisons, Workhouses, and Asylums
Utopian Alternatives
A Distinctly National Literature
Abolitionism and Women's Rights
Rejecting Colonization
Abolitionism
The Women's Rights Movement
Political Antislavery
13. The Way West. The Agricultural Frontier
The Crowded East
The Old Northwest
The Old Southwest
The Frontier of the Plains Indians
Tribal Lands
The Fur Traders
The Oregon Trail
The Mexican Borderlands
The Peoples of the Southwest
The Americanization of Texas
The Push into California and the Southwest
Politics, Expansion, and War
Manifest Destiny
The Mexican War
14. The Politics of Sectionalism, 1846-1861. Slavery in the Territories
The Wilmot Proviso
The Election of 1848
The Gold Rush
The Compromise of 1850
Response to the Fugitive Slave Act
Uncle Tom's Cabin
The Election of 1852
Political Realignment
Young America's Foreign Misadventures
Stephen Douglas's Railroad Proposal
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Know-Nothings and Republicans: Religion and Politics
The Election of 1856
The Dred Scott Case
The Lecompton Constitution
The Religious Revival of 1857-58
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The Road to Disunion
North-South Differences
John Brown's Raid
The Election of 1860
Secession Begins
Presidential Inaction
Peace Proposals
Lincoln's Views on Secession
Fort Sumter: The Tug Comes
15. Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War, 1861-1865. Mobilization, North and South
War Fever
The North's Advantage in Resources
Leaders, Governments, and Strategies
The Early War, 1861-1862
First Bull Run
The War in the West
Reassessing the War: The Human Toll
The War in the East
Turning Points, 1862-1863
The Naval War and the Diplomatic War
Antietam
Emancipation
From Fredericksburg to Gettysburg
Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and the West
The War Transforms the North
Wartime Legislation and Politics
The Northern Economy
Northern Women and the War
The Confederacy Disintegrates
Southern Politics
Southern Faith
The Southern Economy
Southern Women and the War
The Union Prevails, 1864-1865
Grant's Plan to End the War
The Election of 1864 and Sherman's March
The Road to Appomattox and the Death of Lincoln
16. Reconstruction, 1865-1877.
White Southerners and the Ghosts of the Confederacy, 1865
More than Freedom: African-American Aspirations in 1865
Education
Forty Acres and a Mule
Migration to Cities
Faith and Freedom
Federal Reconstruction, 1865-1870
Presidential Reconstruction, 1865-1867
Congressional Reconstruction, 1867-1870
Southern Republican Governments 1867-1870
Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874
The Uses of Violence
Northern Indifference
Liberal Republicans and the Election of 1872
Economic Transformation
Redemption, 1874-1877
The Democrats' Violent Resurgence
The Weak Federal Response
The Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877
The Memory of Reconstruction
The Failed Promise of Reconstruction
Modest Gains and Future Victories
17. A New South: Economic Progress and Social Tradition, 1877-1900.
The Newness of the New South
An Industrial and Urban South
The Limits of Industrial and Urban Growth
Farms to Cities: Impact on Southern Society
The Southern Agrarian Revolt
Cotton and Credit
Southern Farmers Organize, 1877-1892
Women in the New South
Church Work and Preserving Memories
Women's Clubs
Settling the Race Issue
The Fluidity of Southern Race Relations, 1877-1890
The White Backlash
Lynch Law
Segregation by Law
Disfranchisement
A National Consensus on Race
Response of the Black Community
18. Industry, Immigrants, and Cities, 1870-1900.
Mary Antin
New Industry
Inventing Technology: The Electric Age
The Corporation and Its Impact
The Changing Nature of Work
Child Labor
Working Women
Responses to Poverty and Wealth
Workers Organize
New Immigrants
Old World Backgrounds
Cultural Connections in a New World
The Job
Nativism
Roots of the Great Migration
New Cities
Centers and Suburbs
The New Middle Class
A Consumer Society
The Growth of Leisure Activities
The Ideal City
19. Transforming the West, 1865-1890.
Andrew J. Russell
Subjugating Native Americans
Tribes and Cultures
Federal Indian Policy
Warfare and Dispossession
Life on the Reservation: Americanization
Exploiting the Mountains: The Mining Bonanza
Rushes and Mining Camps
Labor and Capital
Using the Grass: The Cattle Kingdom
Cattle Drives and Cow Towns
Rise and Fall of Open-Range Ranching
Cowhands and Capitalists
Working the Earth: Homesteaders and Agricultural Expansion
Settling the Land
Home on the Range
Farming the Land
20. Politics and Government, 1877-1900.
Horace and William H. Taft
The Structure and Style of Politics
Campaigns and Elections
Partisan Politics
Associational Politics
The Limits of Government
The Weak Presidency
The Inefficient Congress
The Federal Bureaucracy and the Spoils System
Inconsistent State Government
Public Policies and National Elections
Civil Service Reform
The Political Life of the Tariff
The Beginnings of Federal Regulation
The Money Question
The Crisis of the 1890s
Farmers Protest Inequities
The People's Party
The Challenge of the Depression
The Battle of the Standards and the Election of 1896
21. The Progressive Era, 1900-1917.
General Rosalie Jones
The Ferment of Reform
The Context of Reform: Industrial and Urban Tensions
Church and Campus
Muckrakers
The Gospel of Efficiency
Labor Demands Its Rights
Extending the Woman's Sphere
Transatlantic Influences
Socialism
Opponents of Reform
Reforming Society
Settlement Houses and Urban Reform
Protective Legislation for Women and Children
Reshaping Public Education
Challenging Gender Restrictions
Reforming Country Life
Moral Crusades and Social Control
For Whites Only?
Reforming Politics and Government
Woman Suffrage
Electoral Reform
Municipal Reform
Progressive State Government
Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Presidency
TR and the Modern Presidency
Roosevelt and Labor
Managing Natural Resources
Corporate Regulation
Taft and the Insurgents
Woodrow Wilson and Progressive Reform
The Election of 1912
Implementing the New Freedom
The Expansion of Reform
22. Creating an Empire, 1865-1917.
Major-General Leonard Wood
The Roots of Imperialism
Ideological and Religious Arguments
Strategic Concerns
Economic Designs
First Steps
Seward and Blaine
Hawaii
Chile and Venezuela
The Spanish-American War
The Cuban Revolution
Growing Tensions
War and Empire
The Treaty of Paris
Imperial Ambitions: The United States and East Asia, 1899-1917
The Filipino-American War
China and the Open Door
Rivalry with Japan and Russia
Imperial Power: The United States and Latin America, 1899-1917
U.S. Rule in Puerto Rico
Cuba as a U.S. Protectorate
The Panama Canal
The Roosevelt Corollary
Dollar Diplomacy
Wilsonian Interventions
23. America and the Great War, 1914-1920.
Ray Stannard Baker
Waging Neutrality
The Origins of Conflict
American Attitudes
The Economy of War
The Diplomacy of Neutrality
The Battle over Preparedness
The Election of 1916
Descent into War
Waging War in America
Managing the War Economy
Women and Minorities: New Opportunities, Old Inequities
Financing the War
Conquering Minds
Suppressing Dissent
Waging War and Peace Abroad
The War to End All Wars
The Fourteen Points
The Paris Peace Conference
Waging Peace at Home
Battle over the League
Economic Readjustment and Social Conflict
Red Scare
The Election of 1920
24. Toward a Modern America: The 1920s.
The Economy That Roared
Boom Industries
Corporate Consolidation
Open Shops and Welfare Capitalism
Sick Industries
The Business of Government
Republican Ascendancy
Government Corruption
Coolidge Prosperity
The Fate of Reform
Cities and Suburbs
Expanding Cities
The Great Black Migration
Barrios
The Road to Suburbia
Mass Culture in the Jazz Age
Advertising the Consumer Society
Leisure and Entertainment
The New Morality
The Searching Twenties
Culture Wars
Nativism and Immigration Restriction
The Ku Klux Klan
Prohibition and Crime
Old-Time Religion and the Scopes Trial
A New Era in the World?
War Debts and Economic Expansion
Rejecting War
Managing the Hemisphere
Herbert Hoover and the Final Triumph of the New Era
25. The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939.
Hard Times in Hooverville
Crash!
The Depression Spreads
Women's Jobs and Men's Jobs
Families in the Depression
Last Hired, First Fired
Protest
Herbert Hoover and the Depression
The Failure of Voluntarism
Repudiating Hoover: The 1932 Election
Launching the New Deal
Action Now!
Creating Jobs
Helping Some Farmers
The Flight of the Blue Eagle
Critics Right and Left
Consolidating the New Deal
Weeding Out and Lifting Up
Expanding Relief
The Roosevelt Coalition and the Election of 1936
The New Deal and American Life
Labor on the March
Women and the New Deal
Minorities and the New Deal
The New Deal: North, South, East, and West
The New Deal and Public Activism
Ebbing of the New Deal
Challenging the Court
More Hard Times
Political Stalemate
Good Neighbors and Hostile Forces
Neutrality and Fascism
Edging Toward Involvement
26. World War II, 1939-1945.
The Dilemmas of Neutrality
The Roots of War
Hitler's War in Europe
Trying to Keep Out
Edging Toward Intervention
The Brink of War
December 7, 1941
Holding the Line
Stopping Germany
The Survival of Britain
Retreat and Stabilization in the Pacific
Mobilizing for Victory
Organizing the Economy
The Enlistment of Science
Men and Women in the Military
The Home Front
Families in Wartime
Learning about the War
Women in the Workforce
Ethnic Minorities in the War Effort
Clashing Cultures
Internment of Japanese Americans
The End of the New Deal
War and Peace
Turning the Tide in Europe
Operation OVERLORD
Victory and Tragedy in Europe
The Pacific War
Searching for Peace
How the Allies Won
27. The Cold War at Home and Abroad, 1946-1952.
Launching the Great Boom
Reconversion Chaos
Economic Policy
The GI Bill
Assembly-Line Neighborhoods
Steps Toward Civil Rights
Consumer Boom and Baby Boom
Truman, Republicans, and the Fair Deal
Truman's Opposition
Whistle-Stopping across America
Truman's Fair Deal
Confronting the Soviet Union
The End of the Grand Alliance
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
Soviet Reactions
American Rearmament
Cold War and Hot War
The Nuclear Shadow
The Cold War in Asia
NSC-68 and Aggressive Containment
War in Korea, 1950-1953
The Politics of War
The Second Red Scare
The Communist Party and the Loyalty Program
Naming Names to Congress
Subversion Trials
Senator McCarthy on Stage
Understanding McCarthyism
28. The Confident Years, 1953-1964.
A Decade of Affluence
What's Good for General Motors
Reshaping Urban America
Comfort on Credit
The New Fifties Family
Inventing Teenagers
Turning to Religion
The Gospel of Prosperity
The Underside of Affluence
Facing Off with the Soviet Union
Why We Liked Ike
A Balance of Terror
Containment in Action
Global Standoff
John F. Kennedy and the Cold War
The Kennedy Mystique
Kennedy's Mistakes
Getting into Vietnam
Missile Crisis: A Line Drawn in the Waves
Science and Foreign Affairs
Righteousness Like a Mighty Stream: The Struggle for Civil Rights
Getting to the Supreme Court
Deliberate Speed
Public Accommodations
The March on Washington, 1963
Let Us Continue
Dallas, 1963
War on Poverty
Civil Rights, 1964-1965
War, Peace, and the Landslide of 1964
29. Shaken to the Roots, 1965-1980.
The End of Consensus
Deeper into Vietnam
Voices of Dissent
New Left and Community Activism
Youth Culture and Counterculture
Sounds of Change
Communes and Cults
The Feminist Critique
Coming Out
Cities under Stress
Diagnosing an Urban Crisis
Conflict in the Streets
Minority Self-Determination
Suburban Independence: The Outer City
The Year of the Gun, 1968
The Tet Offensive
LBJ's Exit
Violence and Politics: King, Kennedy, and Chicago
Nixon, Watergate, and the Crisis of the Early 1970s
Getting Out of Vietnam, 1969-1975
Nixon and the Wider World
Courting Middle America
Oil, OPEC, and Stagflation
Americans as Environmentalists
From Dirty Tricks to Watergate
The Ford Footnote
Jimmy Carter: Idealism and Frustration in the White House
Carter, Energy, and the Economy
Closed Factories and Failing Farms
Building a Cooperative World
New Crises Abroad
30. The Reagan Revolution and a Changing World, 1981-1992.
Reagan's Domestic Revolution
Reagan's Majority
The New Conservatism
Reaganomics: Deficits and Deregulation
Crisis for Organized Labor
An Acquisitive Society
Mass Media and Fragmented Culture
Poverty amid Prosperity
Consolidating the Revolution: George Bush
The Second (Short) Cold War
Confronting the Soviet Union
Risky Business: Foreign Policy Adventures
Embracing Perestroika
Crisis and Democracy in Eastern Europe
The Persian Gulf War
Growth in the Sunbelt
The Defense Economy
Americans from around the World
Old Gateways and New
The Graying of America
Values in Collision
Women's Rights and Public Policy
AIDS and Gay Activism
Churches in Change
Culture Wars
31. Complacency, Crisis, and Global Reengagement,1993-2007.
Politics of the Center
The Election of 1992: A New Generation
Policing the World
Clinton's Neoliberalism
Contract with America and the Election of 1996
The Dangers of Everyday Life
Morality and Partisanship
A New Economy?
The Prosperous 1990s
The Service Economy
The High-Tech Sector
An Instant Society
In the World Market
Broadening Democracy
Americans in 2000
Women from the Grassroots to Congress
Minorities at the Ballot Box
Rights and Opportunities
Illegal Immigration and Bilingual Education Affirmative Action
Edging into a New Century
The 2000 Election
Reaganomics Revisited
Downsized Diplomacy
Paradoxes of Power
9-11-01
Security and Conflict
Iraq and Conflicts in the Middle East
2004 and After