1. Worlds Apart. Native American Societies before 1492Paleo-Indians and the Archaic Period
The Development of Agriculture
Nonfarming Societies
Mesoamerican Civilizations
North America's Diverse Cultures
The Caribbean Islanders
West African Societies
Geographical and Political Differences
Family Structure and Religion
European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave Trade
Western Europe on the Eve of Exploration
The Consolidation of Political and Military Authority
Religious Conflict and the Protestant Reformation
Contact
The Lure of Discovery
Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to Asia
The Spanish Conquest and Colonization
The Columbian Exchange
Cultural Perceptions and Misperceptions
Competition for a Continent
Early French Efforts in North America
English Attempts in the New World
2. Transplantation, 1600-1685. The French in North America
The Quest for Furs and Converts
The Development of New France
The Dutch Overseas Empire
The Dutch East India Company
The West India Company and New Netherland
English Settlement in the Chesapeake
The Ordeal of Early Virginia
The Importance of Tobacco
Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics
Life in the Chesapeake Colonies
The Founding of New England
The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony and Its Offshoots
Families, Farms, and Communities in Early New England
Competition in the Caribbean
Sugar and Slaves
A Biracial Society
The Restoration Colonies
Early Carolina: Colonial Aristocracy and Slave Labor
Pennsylvania: The Dream of Toleration and Peace
New Netherland Becomes New York
3. The Creation of New Worlds. Indians and Europeans
Indian Workers in the Spanish Borderlands
The Web of Trade
Displacing Native Americans in the English Colonies
Bringing Christianity to Native Peoples
After the First Hundred Years: Conflict and War
Africans and Europeans
Labor Needs and the Turn to Slavery
The Shock of Enslavement
African Slaves in the New World
African American Families and Communities
Resistance and Rebellion
European Laborers in Early America
A Spectrum of Control
New European Immigrants
4. Convergence and Conflict, 1660s-1763. Economic Development and Imperial Trade in the British Colonies
The Regulation of Trade
The Colonial Export Trade and the Spirit of Enterprise
The Import Trade and Ties of Credit
Becoming More Like Britain: The Growth of Cities and Inequality
The Transformation of Culture
Goods and Houses
Shaping Minds and Manners
Colonial Religion and the Great Awakening
The Colonial Political World
The Dominion of New England and the Limits of British Control
The Legacy of the Glorious Revolution
Diverging Politics in the Colonies and Great Britain
Expanding Empires
British Colonists in the Backcountry
The Spanish in Texas and California
The French along the Mississippi and in Louisiana
A Century of Warfare
Imperial Conflict and the Establishment of an American Balance of Power, 1689-1738
King George's War Shifts the Balance, 1739-1754
The French and Indian War, 1754-1760: A Decisive Victory
The Triumph of the British Empire, 1763
5. Imperial Breakdown, 1763-1774. Imperial Reorganization
British Problems
Dealing with the New Territories
The Status of Native Americans
Curbing the Assemblies
The Sugar and Stamp Acts
American Reactions
Constitutional Issues
Taxation and the Political Culture
Protesting the Taxes
The Aftermath of the Stamp Act Crisis
A Strained Relationship
Regulator Movements
The Townshend Crisis
Townshend's Plan
American Boycott
The Boston Massacre
The Quiet Period
The Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
The Road to Revolution
Protestantism and the American Response to the Intolerable Acts
The First Continental Congress
The Continental Association
Political Divisions
6. The War for Independence, 1774-1783. The Outbreak of War and the Declaration of Independence, 1774-1776
Mounting Tensions
The Loyalists' Dilemma
British Coercion and Conciliation
The Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Second Continental Congress, 1775-1776
Commander in Chief George Washington
Early Fighting: Massachusetts, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Canada
Independence
Religion, Virtue, and Republicanism
The Combatants
Professional Soldiers
Women in the Contending Armies
African-American Participation in the War
Native Americans and the War
The War in the North, 1776-1777
Britain Hesitates: Crucial Battles in New York and New Jersey
The Year of the Hangman: Victory at Saratoga and Winter at Valley Forge
The War Widens, 1778-1781
The United States Gains an Ally
Fighting on the Frontier and at Sea
The Land War Moves South
American Counterattacks
The American Victory, 1782-1783
The Peace of Paris
The Components of Success
The War and Society, 1775-1783
The Women's War
Effect of the War on African Americans
The War's Impact on Native Americans
Economic Disruption
The Price of Victory
7. The First Republic, 1776-1789. The New Order of Republicanism
Defining the People
The State Constitutions
The Articles of Confederation
Problems at Home
The Fiscal Crisis
Economic Depression
The Economic Policies of the States
Congress and the West
Diplomatic Weaknesses
Impasse with Britain
Spain and the Mississippi River
Toward a New Union
The Road to Philadelphia
The Convention at Work
Overview of the Constitution
The Struggle over Ratification
8. A New Republic and the Rise of the Parties, 1789-1800. Washington's America
The Uniformity of New England
The Pluralism of the Mid-Atlantic Region
The Slave South and Its Backcountry
The Growing West
Forging a New Government
Mr. President and the Bill of Rights
Departments and Courts
Revenue and Trade
Hamilton and the Public Credit
Reaction and Opposition
The Emergence of Parties
The French Revolution
Securing the Frontier
The Whiskey Rebellion
Treaties with Britain and Spain
The First Partisan Election
The Last Federalist Administration
The French Crisis and the XYZ Affair
Crisis at Home
The End of the Federalists
9. The Triumph and Collapse of Jeffersonian Republicanism, 1800-1824. Jefferson's Presidency
Reform at Home
The Louisiana Purchase
Florida and Western Schemes
Embargo and a Crippled Presidency
Madison and the Coming of War
The Failure of Economic Sanctions
The Frontier and Indian Resistance
Decision for War
The War of 1812
Setbacks in Canada
Western Victories and British Offensives
The Treaty of Ghent and the Battle of New Orleans
The Era of Good Feelings
Economic Nationalism
Judicial Nationalism
Toward a Continental Empire
The Breakdown of Unity
The Panic of 1819
The Missouri Compromise
The Election of 1824
10. The Jacksonian Era, 1824-1845. The Egalitarian Impulse
The Extension of White Male Democracy
The Popular Religious Revolt
The Rise of the Jacksonians
Jackson's Presidency
Jackson's Appeal
Indian Removal
The Nullification Crisis
The Bank War
Van Buren and Hard Times
The Panic of 1837
The Independent Treasury
Uproar over Slavery
The Rise of the Whig Party
The Party Taking Shape
Whig Persuasion
The Election of 1840
The Whigs in Power
Harrison and Tyler
The Texas Issue
The Election of 1844
11. Slavery and the Old South, 1800-1860. The Lower South
Cotton and Slaves
The Profits of Slavery
The Upper South
A Period of Economic Adjustment
The Decline of Slavery
Slave Life and Culture
Work Routines and Living Conditions
Families and Religion
Resistance
Free Society
The Slaveholding Minority
The White Majority
Free Black People
The Proslavery Argument
12. The Market Revolution and Social Reform, 1815-1850. Industrial Change and Urbanization
The Transportation Revolution
Cities and Immigrants
The Industrial Revolution
Growing Inequality and New Classes
Reform and Moral Order
The Benevolent Empire
The Temperance Movement
Women's Role in Reform
Backlash against Benevolence
Institutions and Social Improvement
School Reform
Prisons, Workhouses, and Asylums
Utopian Alternatives
A Distinctly National Literature
Abolitionism and Women's Rights
Rejecting Colonization
Abolitionism
The Women's Rights Movement
Political Antislavery
13. The Way West. The Agricultural Frontier
The Crowded East
The Old Northwest
The Old Southwest
The Frontier of the Plains Indians
Tribal Lands
The Fur Traders
The Oregon Trail
The Mexican Borderlands
The Peoples of the Southwest
The Americanization of Texas
The Push into California and the Southwest
Politics, Expansion, and War
Manifest Destiny
The Mexican War
14. The Politics of Sectionalism, 1846-1861. Slavery in the Territories
The Wilmot Proviso
The Election of 1848
The Gold Rush
The Compromise of 1850
Response to the Fugitive Slave Act
Uncle Tom's Cabin
The Election of 1852
Political Realignment
Young America's Foreign Misadventures
Stephen Douglas's Railroad Proposal
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Know-Nothings and Republicans: Religion and Politics
The Election of 1856
The Dred Scott Case
The Lecompton Constitution
The Religious Revival of 1857-58
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The Road to Disunion
North-South Differences
John Brown's Raid
The Election of 1860
Secession Begins
Presidential Inaction
Peace Proposals
Lincoln's Views on Secession
Fort Sumter: The Tug Comes
15. Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War, 1861-1865. Mobilization, North and South
War Fever
The North's Advantage in Resources
Leaders, Governments, and Strategies
The Early War, 1861-1862
First Bull Run
The War in the West
Reassessing the War: The Human Toll
The War in the East
Turning Points, 1862-1863
The Naval War and the Diplomatic War
Antietam
Emancipation
From Fredericksburg to Gettysburg
Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and the West
The War Transforms the North
Wartime Legislation and Politics
The Northern Economy
Northern Women and the War
The Confederacy Disintegrates
Southern Politics
Southern Faith
The Southern Economy
Southern Women and the War
The Union Prevails, 1864-1865
Grant's Plan to End the War
The Election of 1864 and Sherman's March
The Road to Appomattox and the Death of Lincoln
16. Reconstruction, 1865-1877.
White Southerners and the Ghosts of the Confederacy, 1865
More than Freedom: African-American Aspirations in 1865
Education
Forty Acres and a Mule
Migration to Cities
Faith and Freedom
Federal Reconstruction, 1865-1870
Presidential Reconstruction, 1865-1867
Congressional Reconstruction, 1867-1870
Southern Republican Governments 1867-1870
Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874
The Uses of Violence
Northern Indifference
Liberal Republicans and the Election of 1872
Economic Transformation
Redemption, 1874-1877
The Democrats' Violent Resurgence
The Weak Federal Response
The Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877
The Memory of Reconstruction
The Failed Promise of Reconstruction
Modest Gains and Future Victories