Getting Started xii
1. Experiencing Art 1
Experiencing Art 2
How to Experience Art 3
Viewing Art 4
Understanding Style 4
Art, Time, and the Cycles of Life 4
Analyzing Three Works 6
Analyzing Art 8
Analyzing Architecture 8
Analyzing Sculpture 12
Analyzing Ritual Art 14
Analyzing Installation Art 14
Analyzing Painting and Related Media 15
The Artist in History 18
2. prehistoric Art 21
Introduction to Prehistoric Art 22
The Paleolithic Period 22
The Discovery of Paleolithic Painting 23
Paleolithic Art 23
The Neolithic Period 25
Neolithic Art and Architecture 25
Prehistoric Art and the Prehistoric Artist 28
points of contact Prehistoric Figurines
of Women 29
theme Ritual and Art 30
3. ancient Art 33
Introduction to Ancient Art 34
History 35
Art of Ancient Societies 36
art past/art present The Concept of the
The Ancient Artist 37
Classical in the West 36
points of contact Greek Artists/Scythian
Patrons 37
theme The Presence of the Artist 38
Sumerian Art 40
Ancient Egyptian Art 44
History 44
Religion 46
Art of Ancient Egypt 46
The Egyptian Artist 47
Ancient Egyptian Art: The Palette of
Narmer 48
The Egyptian Pyramids 50
The Egyptian Temple 52
technique Post-and-Lintel Construction 54
technique How to Read Architectural
Diagrams 55
Egyptian Tomb Paintings and Painted
Reliefs 56
technique Figure-Ground Relationships 57
The Indus Valley Civilization 58
Aegean Art: Minoan and Mycenaean 60
Ancient China: The Shang Dynasty 64
technique Chinese Piece-Mold
Bronze Casting 65
Assyrian and Early Persian Art 66
Mesoamerica: The Olmec 68
Etruscan Art 70
Ancient Greek Art 72
History 72
Intellectual and Scientific Activities 74
Religion 75
Ancient Greek Art 75
The Ancient Greek Artist 75
Greek Vase Painting 76
The Development of Greek Sculpture 78
technique Greek Lost-Wax
Bronze Casting 81
technique Contrapposto in Sculpture 83
technique The Classical Orders 84
art past/art present The Impact of the
Ancient Greek Orders 85
Greek Doric Architecture 86
technique Greek Temple Construction 87
The Parthenon, Athens 88
4. later ancient Art,
400 bce to 200 ce 93
Introduction to Later Ancient Art 94
points of contact The Silk Road 95
theme Engineering 96
Nomadic Art in Siberia: Pazyryk 98
The Qin Empire in China 102
Hellenistic Art 104
History 104
Art of the Hellenistic Period 104
Hellenistic Painting 104
Hellenistic Sculpture in Pergamon 106
The Han Dynasty in China 108
Early Buddhist Art 110
Dongson Culture in Vietnam 112
The Art of the Roman Republic 114
History 115
Republican Architectural Developments 115
The Roman House and Villa 116
The Art of the Roman Empire 118
History 118
The City of Rome 119
Roman Imperial Art 121
Technology, Organization, and Engineering 122
Roman Religion and the Mystery Religions 123
The End of Rome's Empire 124
The Roman Artist 124
Roman Frescoes and Illusionism 126
technique Fresco Painting 128
technique Illusionism 129
Roman Architecture:
The Flavian Amphitheater 130
technique Roman Engineering: The Arch, The
Vault, and Concrete 132
Roman Architecture: The Pantheon,
Rome 136
Mesoamerican Art: Teotihuacan 138
5. Art From 200 to 1000 143
Introduction to Art from 200 to 1400 144
art past/art present Naming the Middle
Ages in Europe 144
History 146
Art and the Christian Church 147
A Denial of Naturalism 147
The Scroll and Book 147
The Artist 148
points of contact Muslims in China 149
theme Religious Architecture 150
Jewish Art:
The Synagogue at Dura Europos 152
Early Christian Art 154
History 154
Art 155
Early Christian Architecture 156
Buddhist Architecture and Painting at
Ajanta, India 158
The Shinto Shrine at Ise, Japan 160
Byzantine Art 162
History 162
The Icon and Iconoclasm 163
The Byzantine Artist 163
Byzantine Architecture: Hagia Sophia 164
Byzantine Art: San Vitale, Ravenna 166
technique Mosaic 169
Anglo-Saxon Metalwork and Hiberno-
Saxon Illumination 170
The Chinese Imperial City of Chang'An 172
Buddhist Art at Horyuji 176
technique Dougong-style Bracketing 179
Hindu Art at Ellora 180
Islamic Art at Cordoba 182
Carolingian and Ottonian Art 186
The Monastery in the West 188
Buddhist Art in Indonesia 190
Chinese Art: Landscape Painting 192
art past/art present Chinese Aesthetic
Theory 195
6. Art from 1000 to 1400 197
Introduction to Art from 1000 to 1400 198
History 199
points of contact Amber Necklaces in
Burials in Eastern Asia 201
theme Narrative Art 202
Romanesque Art in Europe 204
History 205
Art and the Pilgrim 205
The Bayeux Tapestry 206
The Romanesque Artist in Europe 206
Romanesque Architecture at Conques 208
Romanesque Sculpture 210
Moai Ancestor Figures, Polynesia 212
Angkor Wat: Cult of the God-King 214
The Japanese Narrative Scroll 216
Gothic Art 220
Abbot Suger 221
History 221
Art 221
The Franciscans 223
The Gothic Artist 223
The Gothic Cathedral: Chartres 224
technique Proportions of Gothic Cathedrals,
1160-1230 224
technique Gothic Engineering 228
Gothic Sculpture 230
Gothic Stained Glass 232
technique Stained-Glass Technique 233
The Great Mosque at Jenne 234
The Chinese Capital City in Beijing:
The Forbidden City 236
Early Italian Painting 238
Giotto, The Arena Chapel Frescoes 240
technique Tempera and Fresco 242
The Royal Art of African Kingdoms 244
7. Fifteenth-Century Art 247
Introduction to Fifteenth-Century Art 248
Fifteenth-Century Worldwide Developments
250
The Idea of a Renaissance 252
Naming the Styles 252
European History 252
Italian Renaissance Humanism and Art Theory
253
European Intellectual Activity 254
Changing Patterns of Patronage in Europe 254
The Fifteenth-Century Artist in Europe 257
POINTS OF CONTACT The Travels of
Marco Polo 257
theme Portraiture 258
Early Renaissance Sculpture
in Florence 260
technique Carving in Wood 261
Flemish Painting:
The Limbourg Brothers 262
Flemish Painting: Robert Campin 264
Italian Renaissance Painting: Masaccio 266
Scientific Perspective 268
Flemish Painting:
Hubert and Jan van Eyck 270
Flemish Painting: Jan van Eyck 272
technique The Development of Oil Painting in
Flanders 274
Italian Renaissance Architecture:
Filippo Brunelleschi 276
Machu Picchu:
The Peruvian Mountain Retreat 278
The Italian Renaissance Palace 280
Portraiture 282
Italian Renaissance Painting:
Andrea Mantegna 286
technique Foreshortening 287
Italian Renaissance Painting: Sandro
Botticelli 288
Italian Renaissance Painting:
Leonardo da Vinci 290
Italian Renaissance Painting: Leonardo's
Last Supper 292
Italian Renaissance Sculpture:
Michelangelo's Pieta in St. Peter's 294
8. Sixteenth-Century Art 297
Introduction to Sixteenth-Century Art 298
History 299
Intellectual and Scientific Developments 300
Religious Reform and Art during the Sixteenth
Century 301
The Sixteenth-Century Artist 304
points of contact Chinese Porcelain
in Europe 305
Theme The Nude/The Body 306
Italian Renaissance Sculpture:
Michelangelo 308
technique Stone Sculpture 309
Italian High Renaissance Portraiture 310
German Printmaking: Albrecht Durer 312
technique Printmaking: Engraving
and Woodcut 314
New St. Peter's, Rome 316
Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling 318
art past/art present Vasari and Modern
Scholarship 321
Raphael, Stanza della Segnatura 322
High Renaissance Painting in Venice 324
Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly
Delights Triptych 326
German Painting: Matthias Grunewald,
Isenheim Altarpiece 328
Titian's Altarpieces 330
technique Venetian Painting 332
Later Michelangelo and the Development
of Mannerism 334
Early European Landscape Painting 336
Sixteenth-Century Painting 338
Islamic Art of the Ottomans 340
Veronese and the Impact of the
Counter-Reformation 342
The Art of Zen Buddhism in Japan 344
9. Seventeenth-Century Art 347
Introduction to Seventeenth-Century Art 348
History 348
Intellectual and Scientific Activity 350
The Styles of Seventeenth-Century European
Art 351
Seventeenth-Century European Art 351
The Seventeenth-Century Artist in Europe 352
points of contact Seeing the New
World 355
theme Relating to Nature 356
Seventeenth-Century Architecture in
Japan 358
Caravaggio and His Influence 360
Baroque Genre Painting 362
Peter Paul Rubens 364
Bernini's Works for St. Peter's 366
The Dutch Baroque Group Portrait 368
Mughal Art of India: The Taj Mahal 370
Baroque Architecture:
Francesco Borromini 372
Bernini, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 374
technique The Art of Drawing:
Rembrandt 376
technique Printmaking: Etching and
Drypoint 378
Spanish Painting: Diego Velazquez 380
Baroque Classicism: Nicolas Poussin 382
Rembrandt: Late Paintings 384
Dutch Still-Life Painting 386
The Palace at Versailles 388
Japanese Screens and Architecture 390
European Landscape Painting 392
10. Eighteenth-Century Art 395
Introduction to Eighteenth-Century Art 396
History 397
Intellectual and Scientific Activity 399
Eighteenth-Century Art 400
The Eighteenth-Century Artist 401
points of contact Chinoiserie 405
theme Representing Women 406
Eighteenth-Century Painting in Europe 408
Eighteenth-Century Art in Korea 412
Rococo Architecture and Sculpture 414
Eighteenth-Century Portraiture 416
Neoclassical Architecture 418
Neoclassical Painting and Sculpture 420
11. Nineteenth-Century Art 425
Introduction to Nineteenth-Century Art 426
History 427
The Industrial Revolution around the World 429
European Intellectual and Scientific Activities 430
Art 431
art past/art present Looking Beyond the
Art: Romanticism 431
The Impact of French Painting on World Art 433
The Styles of Nineteenth-Century Art in
the West 434
The Nineteenth-Century Artist 436
points of contact British Architects in
India 437
theme The Artist as a Revolutionary 438
The Continuation of Neoclassicism 440
Francisco Goya 442
Romanticism 444
Romantic Landscape Painting 446
Japanese Woodblock Prints 448
technique Japanese Woodblock
Technique 449
Honore Daumier and the Political Print 452
technique Lithography 453
Romantic Revival Architecture 454
American Romantic Painting 456
Revolutionary Art vs. Academic Art 458
New Materials and Engineering in
Architecture 460
technique New Materials in Architecture 463
Late Nineteenth-Century Revival
Architecture 464
Edouard Manet 466
Early Photography and Photographic
Technique 468
Late Nineteenth-Century Sculpture 470
Impressionism 472
technique Impressionism 474
Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot, and
Mary Cassatt 476
American Realism: Thomas Eakins and
Henry Tanner 478
Auguste Rodin and Camille Claudel 480
Winslow Homer 482
technique Watercolor and Gouache 483
Post-Impressionism: Gauguin and Seurat 484
Post-Impressionism: Vincent Van Gogh 486
art past/art present The Value of Art:
Van Gogh 488
Post-Impressionism: Paul Cezanne 490
The Beginnings of the Skyscraper 492
Edvard Munch 494
12. Art from 1900 to 1949 497
Introduction to Art from 1900 to 1949 498
History 498
Intellectual and Scientific Activity 500
Art from 1900 to 1949 501
The Artist 504
theme The Home and the Palace 506
Fauvism 508
African Art and Ritual 510
Photography 512
Cubism and its Influence 514
technique Collage and Assemblage 519
Native American Art 520
art past/art present Women in
Pueblo Society 523
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House 524
technique The Cantilever 525
Native American Ceremonial Art from the
Northwest Coast 526
Abstraction in Sculpture 528
Malevich and the Russian Avant-Garde 530
German Expressionism: Die Brucke and
Der Blaue Reiter 532
Fantasy 534
Dada 536
De Stijl and the Bauhaus 540
Diego Rivera and Mexican Mural Painting 544
Surrealism 548
Modernism in American Painting 552
Pablo Picasso, Guernica 556
Sculpture of the 1930s and 1940s 558
International Style Architecture 562
13. Art from 1950 to 1999 565
The 1950s 566
The 1960s 576
The 1970s 580
The 1980s 586
The 1990s 596
14. Art in the New Millennium 607
Art in the New Millennium 608
World Map 622
Glossary 623
Bibliography 631
Index 634
Picture Credits 651
Text Credits 655
Acknowledgements 655
Maps
Prehistoric Europe and Africa 24
The Ancient Near East 41
Ancient Egypt 44
Ancient Greece 73
Ancient Asia 111
Ancient Italy 114
Mesoamerica 138
The Near East 153
Asia 161
Medieval Europe 163
Japan 219
14th-century Europe 223
Africa 245
15th-century Europe 253
16th-century Europe 300
17th-century Europe 349
18th-century Europe 397
19th-century Europe 428
19th-century United States and Canada 454
20th-century Europe 499
20th-century United States 501
Sub-Saharan West Africa 511
World 622
