The ancient Indian text ofKautilyas Arthasastracomes forth as a valuable non-Western resource for understanding contemporary International Relations (IR). However,Kautilyas Arthasastralargely suffers from the problem of presentism, whereby present-day assumptions of the dominant theoretical models of Classical Realism and Neorealism are read back into it, thereby disrupting open reflections onKautilyas Arthasastrawhich could retrieve its alternative assumptions and unconventional traits. This book attempts to enableKautilyas Arthasastrato break free from the problem of presentism it does so by juxtaposing the elements of continuity and change that showed up at different junctures of the life-history of both Kautilyas Arthasastra and Eurocentric IR. The overall exploratory venture leads to a Kautilyan non-Western eclectic theory of IR a theory which moderately assimilates miscellaneousresearch traditions of Eurocentric IR, and, in addition, delivers a few innovative features that could potentially uplift not only Indian IR, but also Global IR.