PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Life, Cells, and Thermodynamics 1
2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Water 22
PART II BIOMOLECULES
3 Overview of DNA Structure, Function, and Engineering 40
4 Amino Acids: the Building Blocks of Proteins 76
5 Polypeptide Sequences, Analysis, and Evolution 93
6 Protein Structure and Folding 127
7 Physiological Activities of Proteins 176
8 Saccharide Chemistry 217
9 Lipids, Bilayer, and Membranes 241
10 Passive and Active Transport 288
PART III ENZYMES
11 Mechanisms of Enzyme Action 315
12 Properties of Enzymes 355
13 Hormones and Signal Transduction 396
PART IV METABOLISM
14 Bioenergetics 436
15 Glycolysis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 472
16 Additional Pathways in Carbohydrate Metabolism 517
17 The Citric Acid Cycle 551
18 Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis 581
19 Photosynthesis 623
20 Synthesis and Degradation of Lipids 657
21 Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids 712
22 Regulation of Fuel Metabolism 767
PART V GENE EXPRESSION AND REPLICATION
23 Nucleotide Synthesis and Degradation 793
24 DNA Structure and Interactions with Proteins 821
25 DNA Synthesis and Repair 867
26 RNA Metabolism 919
27 The Genetic Code and Translation 962
28 Gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 1013
Solutions to Odd-Numbered Problems SP-1
Glossary G-1
Index I-1