The Hospitallers were the first of the Secular Crusading Orders to be created, though they were only militarized after the establishment of the Templers. The Hospitallers played a major role in the military struggle between Christendom and the Islamic World throughout the mediaeval and early modern periods. They recruited from a wide section of society, but their structure and attitudes reflected the aristocratic-based society of their day. They primarily campaigned on land during the first phase of their existence, and primarily at sea during their second phase. This work reveals how, like other Military Orders, the Hospitallers played a significant cultural, political and economic role within the Christian Empire itself.