Covering the economy of the ivory trade, this book discusses the causes of elephant population decline and the latest statistics as well as the role of trade and demand. It includes an examination of the economic incentives for conservation - with reference to the value of ivory to Africa and tourism, the ecological value of elephants and the resulting benefit to the local communities. The export of ivory both in quantity and value is reviewed as is the demand for worked and unworked ivory in the consuming countries. The overall survey includes a look at the existing policies and institutions for regulating the trade and policy options for saving the elephant and shows how careful management of elephants as a resource can best serve African needs. It provides a model for the consideration of the difficult relationship between people and wildlife. Dr Edward Barbier and Professor David Pearce were co-authors of Blueprint for a Green Economy.