A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australias economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Partys efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the Peoples Liberation Army, and Beijings economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. Chinas policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijings punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. Chinas more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australias defence and alliance policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS.

In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.