Dedication About the EditorsAbout the Associate Editor Contributing Authors Foreword by Eberhard Spoerl, PhD, and Theo Seiler, MD, PhDIntroduction Section I Basic Principles of Corneal Biomechanics and Corneal Cross-Linking Chapter 1 History of Corneal Cross-Linking Eberhard Spoerl, PhD, and Frederik Raiskup, MD, PhD, FEBO Chapter 2 Introduction to Corneal Biomechanics William J. Dupps Jr, MD, PhD Chapter 3 Fundamental Principles of Corneal Cross-Linking Gregor Wollensak, MD Chapter 4 Riboflavin, Ultraviolet Light, and the Photochemical ReactionArie L. Marcovich, MD, PhD, and Alexander Brandis, PhD Chapter 5 The Role of Oxygen in Corneal Cross-Linking Olivier Richoz, MD, PhD; Sabine Kling, PhD; and Farhad Hafezi, MD, PhD Chapter 6 Cross-Linking Initiated by Other Chromophores and by Multiphoton Excitation Irene Kochevar, PhD Chapter 7 Corneal Cross-Linking Safety Considerations Christina Giannikas Starcic, MD; Leejee H. Suh, MD; and Stephen L. Trokel, MD Chapter 8 Molecular Aspects of Corneal Cross-LinkingRohit Shetty, FRCS, PhD; Natasha Kishore Pahuja, DOMS; and Harsha Nagaraja, MS, FCE Chapter 9 Evaluation and Diagnosis of Keratoconus and Pellucid Marginal Degeneration Marcony R. Santhiago, MD, PhD; Yaron S. Rabinowitz, MD; and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Chapter 10 Evaluation and Diagnosis of Postoperative Corneal Ectasia J. Bradley Randleman, MD; Maria A. Woodward, MD, MS; and Marcony R. Santhiago, MD, PhD Section II Corneal Cross-Linking for Corneal Ectasias Chapter 11 Corneal Cross-Linking for Progressive KeratoconusTobias Koller, MD; Stefan Seiler, MD; and Theo Seiler, MD, PhD Chapter 12 Corneal Cross-Linking for Postoperative Corneal EctasiaDavid Tabibian, MD, and Farhad Hafezi, MD, PhD Chapter 13 Corneal Cross-Linking for Pellucid Marginal Degeneration Leopoldo Spadea, MD, and Roberto Secondi, MD Section III Corneal Cross-Linking Protocols and Complication Management Chapter 14 The Standard Protocol and Its Parameters Maria A. Woodward, MD, MS; David L. DeMill, MD; Francis W. Price Jr, MD; and Marianne O. Price, PhD, MBA Chapter 15 Corneal Cross-Linking Using Accelerated Protocols George D. Kymionis, MD, PhD; Konstantinos I. Tsoulnaras, MD; and Chrysanthi Koutsandrea, MD, PhD Chapter 16 Epithelium-On Protocols: Conceptual/Basic Science Eberhard Spoerl, PhD, and Suphi Taneri, MD Chapter 17 Transepithelial Corneal Cross-Linking in Progressive Keratoconus Frederik Raiskup, MD, PhD, FEBO Chapter 18 Corneal Cross-Linking With IontophoresisPaolo Vinciguerra, MD; Riccardo Vinciguerra, MD; Fabrizio Camesasca, MD; Vito Romano, MD; and Pietro Rosetta, MD Chapter 19 Cross-Linking Protocols in Thin Corneas Soosan Jacob, MS, FRCS, DNB, and Amar Agarwal, MS, FRCS, FRCOphth Chapter 20 Pediatric Corneal Cross-Linking Joseph Frucht-Pery, MD, and Denise Wajnsztajn, MD Chapter 21 Corneal Cross-Linking Complications and Management Karolinne Maia Rocha, MD, PhD; Koray Gumu?, MD, FEBOphth; and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Section IV Corneal Cross-Linking Imaging and Diagnostic Evaluations Chapter 22 Measuring the Efficacy of Corneal Cross-Linking Using Advanced Corneal Biomechanical Diagnostic Modalities Renato Ambrosio Jr, MD, PhD; Marcella Q. Salomao, MD; and Cynthia Roberts, PhD Chapter 23 Measuring the Efficacy of Cross-Linking: Clinical Metrics J. Bradley Randleman, MD, and Praneetha Thulasi, MD Chapter 24 Measuring Corneal Cross-Linking Efficacy: Biomechanical Measurement Approach Giuliano Scarcelli; Seok Hyun Yun; and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Chapter 25 Confocal Microscopy in Corneal Cross-LinkingCosimo Mazzotta, MD, PhD, and Luigi Fontana, MD, PhD Chapter 26 Optical Coherence Tomography Use in Corneal Cross-Linking Sumitra S. Khandelwal, MD, and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Chapter 27 Epithelial Remodeling After Corneal Cross-Linking Karolinne Maia Rocha, MD, PhD, and Sudeep Dilip Sunthankar, MD Section V Cross-Linking Plus: Combination Procedures Chapter 28 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Transepithelial Phototherapeutic Keratectomy: Cretan ProtocolGeorge D. Kymionis, MD, PhD; Michael A. Grentzelos, MD; and Chrysanthi Koutsandrea, MD, PhD Chapter 29 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Surface Ablation: Athens Protocol Anastasios John Kanellopoulos, MD, and George Asimellis, PhD Chapter 30 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Intracorneal Ring SegmentAylin K?l?c, MD, and David Touboul, MD Chapter 31 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Phakic Intraocular Lenses Jose L. Guell, MD, PhD; Merce Morral, MD, PhD; Emilio J. Segovia, MD; Oscar Gris, MD, PhD; Daniel Elies, MD; and Felicidad Manero, MD Chapter 32 Corneal Cross-Linking: Combined Treatment Options Efekan Coskunseven, MD, and Onurcan Sahin, MSc Chapter 33 Corneal Cross-Linking as a Primary Refractive ProcedureGeorge D. Kymionis, MD, PhD; Dimitra M. Portaliou, MD, PhD, FEBO; Michael A. Grentzelos, MD; and Chrysanthi Koutsandrea, MD, PhD Section VI Cross-Linking for Infectious Keratitis: PACK-CXL Chapter 34 PACK-CXL Jes Mortensen, MD, and Karim Makdoumi, MD, PhD Chapter 35 PACK-CXL for Viral Keratitis and Acanthamoeba Keratitis Francis W. Price Jr, MD, and Marianne O. Price, PhD, MBA Section VII Other Uses for Cross-Linking Chapter 36 Corneal Cross-Linking for Corneal Stromal Edema Niels Ehlers, MD, PhD, and Jesper Hjortdal, MD, PhD Chapter 37 Sclera Cross-Linking Brendan Geraghty, BEng(Hons), MSc, PhD, and Ahmed Elsheikh, BEng(Hon), MSc, PhD Section VIII Current Controversies and Perspectives Chapter 38 Epithelium-On Treatments In Favor Steven E. Wilson, MD, and Andre A.M. Torricelli, MD, PhD Opposed Aldo Caporossi, MD, PhD, FRCS; Antonio Villano, MD; Stefano Baiocchi, MD, PhD; and Orsola Caporossi, MD, PhD Chapter 39 Corneal Cross-Linking Can Impact Limbal Stem Cells In Favor Johnny E. Moore, FRCOphth, PhD; David Schiroli, PhD; and C.B. Tara Moore, PhD Opposed Farhad Hafezi, MD, PhD, and Sabine Kling, PhD Chapter 40 Performing Corneal Cross-Linking After Definitive Signs of Ectasia Progression Are Detected Renato Ambrosio Jr, MD, PhD; Rosane de Oliveira Correa, MD; and Rozalia Litewski Beildeck, MD Chapter 41 Prophylactic Cross-Linking Combined With LASIK In FavorAnastasios John Kanellopoulos, MD, and George Asimellis, PhD Opposed Theo Seiler, MD, PhD Chapter 42 Summary of Commercially Available Corneal Cross-Linking Units George O. Waring IV, MD, FACS; Susannah L. Brown, MD; and Frederik Raiskup, MD, PhD, FEBO Financial Disclosures Index