* New to the Fourth EditionA brief introduction opens each Section. An introduction also precedes each individual reading.INTRODUCTION: Understanding Criminological Theory: A Guide for Readers, Francis T. Cullen and Robert AgnewSECTION 1. IN SEARCH OF THE CRIMINAL MANPart I. The Origins of Modern Criminology 1. An Essay on Crimes and Punishments, Cesare Beccaria 2. The Criminal Man, Cesare Lombroso Part II. Individual Traits and Crime 3. Genes, Evolution, and Crime, Lee Ellis and Anthony Walsh 4. Does the Body Tell? Biological Characteristics and Criminal Disposition, David C. Rowe 5. Personality and Crime: Are Some People More Crime Prone?, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Phil A. Silva, Magda Stouthamer-Loeber, Robert F. Krueger, and Pamela S. Schmutte * 6. The Development of Antisocial Behavior: An Integrative Causal Approach, Benjamin B. Lahey, Irwin D. Waldman, and Keith McBurnett SECTION 2. THE RISE AND GROWTH OF AMERICAN CRIMINOLOGYPart III. The Chicago School: The City, Social Disorganization, and Crime 7. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas, Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay8. A Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality, Robert J. Sampson and William Julius Wilson9. Collective Efficacy and Crime, Robert J. Sampson, Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls Part IV. Learning to Be a Criminal: Differential Association, Subcultural, and Social Learning Theories 10. A Theory of Differential Association, Edwin H. Sutherland and Donald R. Cressey11. A Social Learning Theory of Crime, Ronald L. Akers 12. Code of the Street, Elijah Anderson Part V. Anomie/Strain Theories of Crime 13. Social Structure and Anomie, Robert K. Merton14. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang, Albert K. Cohen 15. Crime and the American Dream, Richard Rosenfeld and Steven F. Messner 16. Pressured Into Crime: General Strain Theory, Robert Agnew Part VI. Varieties of Control Theory 17. Techniques of Neutralization, Gresham M. Sykes and David Matza 18. Social Bond Theory, Travis Hirschi 19. A General Theory of Crime, Michael R. Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi SECTION 3. RETHINKING CRIMINOLOGYPart VII. Labeling, Interaction, and Crime: Societal Reaction and the Creation of Criminals 20. Primary and Secondary Deviance, Edwin M. Lemert 21. Crime, Shame, and Reintegration, John Braithwaite 22. Defiance Theory, Lawrence W. Sherman Part VIII. Critical Criminology: Power, Peace, and Crime 23. Criminality and Economic Conditions, Willem Bonger 24. Crime in a Market Society, Elliott Currie 25. Crime and Coercion, Mark Colvin 26. Peacemaking Criminology, Richard Quinney Part IX. Feminist Theories: Gender, Power, and Crime 27. Sisters in Crime, Freda Adler 28. A Feminist Theory of Female Delinquency, Meda Chesney-Lind 29. The Gendering of Violent Delinquency, Karen Heimer and Stacy De Coster 30. Masculinities and Crime, James W. Messerschmidt 31. A Gendered Theory of Female Offending, Darrell Steffensmeier and Emilie Allan SECTION 4. CHOICE, OPPORTUNITY, AND PUNISHMENTPart X. Reviving Classical Theory: Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories 32. Reconceptualizing Deterrence Theory, Mark C. Stafford and Mark Warr 33. Crime as a Rational Choice, Derek B. Cornish and Ronald V. Clarke Part XI. Environmental Criminology 34. Routine Activity Theory, Lawrence E. Cohen and Marcus Felson35. Situational Crime Prevention, Ronald V. Clarke 36. Broken Windows, James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling SECTION 5. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN CRIMINOLOGYPart XII. Developmental Theories of Crime: Crime and the Life Course 37. Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency, Sheldon Glueck and Eleanor Glueck38. Pathways in the Life Course to Crime, Terrie E. Moffitt39. A Theory of Persistent Offending and Desistance From Crime, John H. Laub and Robert J. Sampson* 40. Cognitive Transformation and Desistance from Crime, Peggy C. Giordano, Stephen A. Cernkovich, and Jennifer L. Rudolph Part XIII. Theories of White-Collar Crime * 41. White-Collar Criminality, Edwin H. Sutherland * 42. Denying the Guilty Mind, Michael L. Benson * 43. Choosing White-Collar Crime, Neal Shover and Andy Hochstedler Part XIV. Pulling It All Together: Integrated Theories of Crime 44. Toward an Interactional Theory of Delinquency, Terence P. Thornberry 45. Control Balance Theory, Charles R. Tittle 46. Social Support and Crime, Francis T. Cullen 47. Why Criminals Offend: A General Theory of Crime and Delinquency, Robert Agnew Part XV. Putting Theory to Work: Guiding Crime Control Policy * 48. Imprisoning Communities, Todd R. Clear * 49. Preventing Crime in Everyday Life, Marcus Felson * 50. Saving Children from a Life in Crime, David Farrington and Brandon C. Welsh