Author Biographies vii
Introduction 1
1 Bilingualism: A Short Introduction 5
Francois Grosjean
1.1 The Extent of Bilingualism 6
1.2 Describing Bilinguals 7
1.3 The Functions of Languages 11
1.4 Language Mode 14
1.5 Interacting with Bilinguals and Monolinguals 17
1.6 Biculturalism 21
I Spoken Language Processing 27
2 Speech Perception and Comprehension 29
Francois Grosjean
2.1 From the Speech Wave to the Mental Representation 30
2.2 Processing Monolingual Speech 33
2.3 Processing Bilingual Speech 39
3 Speech Production 50
Francois Grosjean
3.1 From Thought to Articulation 51
3.2 Producing Monolingual Speech 52
3.3 Language Production in Bilinguals is a Dynamic Process 54
3.4 Producing Bilingual Speech 59
II Written Language Processing 71
4 Reading 73
Annette M.B. de Groot
4.1 An Outline of the Reading Process 74
4.2 Word Recognition in Bilinguals 76
4.3 Models of Bilingual Visual Word Recognition 87
4.4 Sentence Processing in Bilinguals 91
5 Writing 100
Rosa M. Manchon
5.1 The Psycholinguistics of Bilingual Writing: Mapping the Terrain 102
5.2 Bilingual Text Production Activity: Processes and Strategies 105
5.3 The Transfer of Knowledge and Skills in Bilingual Writing 111
III Language Acquisition 117
6 Simultaneous Language Acquisition 119
Virginia Yip
6.1 Theoretical Issues 121
6.2 Methodological Issues 124
6.3 Early Developmental Stages and Language Differentiation 129
6.4 Cross-linguistic Influence 130
6.5 Code-mixing 133
6.6 Extensions and Applications 137
7 Successive Language Acquisition 145
Ping Li
7.1 Age Effects in Second Language Acquisition 146
7.2 Speech Learning in Successive Language Acquisition 151
7.3 Dynamic Interaction between First Language and Second Language 155
IV Cognition and the Bilingual Brain 169
8 Bilingual Memory 171
Annette M.B. de Groot
8.1 The Organization of the Bilingual Mental Lexicon 172
8.2 Bilingual Concepts 181
8.3 Bilingual Autobiographical Memory 186
9 Cognitive Effects 192
Ellen Bialystok and Raluca Barac
9.1 Language and Metalinguistic Abilities 193
9.2 Acquisition of Literacy 198
9.3 Developing Executive Control 202
9.4 Advantages of Bilingualism across the Lifespan 206
10 Neurolinguistic and Neurocomputational Models 214
Ping Li
10.1 Neurolinguistic Traditions and Debates 215
10.2 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Bilingualism 220
10.3 Neurolinguistic Computational Modeling 228
Index 239
