Preface Abbreviations List of Tables INTRODUCTION: THREE REALMS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Purposes and Contribution The Three Bio-Realms and Related Products and Processes Main Arguments Foundational Concepts and Analytical Framework Structure of the Book PART I: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK AND HISTORICAL POLICY CONTEXT CHAPTER 1- THE STATE, NETWORKED DEMOCRACY AND SCIENCE-BASED GOVERNANCE Introduction Conceptual Foundations * Governance and Regulation* Networked Democracy and Interests* The Nature of Biotechnology and Science-based Governance The Analytical Framework: Three Core Elements * The State as Biotech Supporter and Biotech Regulator* Networked Biotech Governance Interests and Democracy* Science-based and Precautionary Governance Conclusions CHAPTER 2- NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY IN LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT ERAS Introduction Biotech Policy in the Trudeau and Mulroney Eras: Early Support and Major Trade and Patent Policy Impacts Biotech Policy in the Chretien Liberal Era: Towards Better Balance amidst Extended Trade and Precautionary Norms Biotech Policy in the Chretien, Martin and Harper Eras Since 2000: Towards a Genome-Centred Bio-Economy? The Core Politics Underlying International Biotech Policy Conclusions PART II: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGING BIOTECH-GOVERNANCE REGIME CHAPTER 3: SCIENCE AND SUPPORTIVE GOVERNANCE Introduction Federal and Related Biotech Research Agencies: Networked Governance, Support and Research Conduct * National Research Council (NRC)* The Granting Councils' Networks of Centres of Excellence* Canada Foundation for Innovation* The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)* Genome Canada Biotech Policy and Advisory Bodies and Arenas of Partial Support, Debate, Criticism and Engagement * Industry Canada and Its Innovation and Related Intellectual Policy Agenda* Engaging Ministers in The Interdepartmental Bio-Policy and Bio-Governance Structure* CBAC, External Advice and Governance Through Citizen Engagement* Periodic Parliamentary and Opposition Party Involvement, Criticism and Inquiries. Biotech Policy and the Search for Technology Assessment Arenas Conclusions CHAPTER 4 - THE BIO-FOOD REALM: BUSINESS DOMINATED PLURALISTC POWER Introduction Bio-Food Regulation Making: Initial Design and Congealment under Institutionalized Pluralistic Power Pre-Market Bio-Food Product Assessment and Approvals under Novel Food Concepts and Regulations Product Regulation on Research on Plants with Novel Traits (PNT) and Potential Unconfined Environmental Release Bio-Food Post Market Regulatory Monitoring Conclusions CHAPTER 5- THE BIO-HEALTH REALM: NETWORKED POWER AND GOVERANCE Introduction Changing Bio-Health Regulation and Related Policy Development Pre-Market Assessment and Approvals of Biologics and Genetic Therapies Post Market Regulatory Monitoring and Assessment for Funding under Medicare and Health Care Plans Conclusions CHAPTER 6- THE BIO-LIFE REALM: PLAYING CATCH-UP WITH SELF-DISCIPLINED POWER RELATIONS Introduction Bio-life Civic Regulation, Bio-Power and Bio-Politics Bio-life Regulation and Rule-Making Regulating Bio-life Products and Activities: The Case of Assisted Human Reproduction Inspection, Enforcement and Post- Monitoring Bio-life Activities Outstanding Issues, Genetic Testing, AHRA Inertia and the Politics of Implementation Conclusions CHAPTER 7- POWER, CHANGING BIOTECH GOVERNANCE AND EXTENDING DEMOCRACY Introduction Key Arguments and Related Explanations of Biotechnology Governance Regime Change Biotechnology Governance Challenges and Extending Democracy REFERENCES