Preface Acknowledgements Contributors Chapter 1: Circumcision as a Memeplex, Hugh Young Chapter 2: The Life of the Flesh is in the Blood: The Meaning of Bloodshed in Ritual Circumcision, Leonard B. Glick Chapter 3: Zipporah and the Bridegroom of Blood: Searching for the Antecedents of Jewish Circumcision, Nansi S. Glick Chapter 4: At the Roots of Ethnic Female Genital Modification: Preliminary Report, Pia Grassivaro Gallo, Eleonora Tita, Franco Viviani Chapter 5: Psycholinguistic Approaches to Ritual Labia Minora Elongation Among the Baganda Women of Uganda, Elisabetta Villa and Pia Grassivaro Gallo Chapter 6: Graphic Reproduction of Genital Stretching in a Group of Baganda Girls: Their Psychological Experiences, Pia Grassivaro Gallo, Elisabetta Villa, Fabiola Pagani Chapter 7: Survey on the East-African Female Students at the University of Padua, Stella Lineri, Chiara Rauhe, Pia Grassivaro Gallo Chapter 8: Female Genital Mutilation Among African Immigrants in Greece: The First Cognitive Study, Pia Grassivaro Gallo, Anna Iordanidou, Franco Viviani Chapter 9: Deinfibulation in Italy, Pia Grassivaro Gallo, Lara Franco, Lisa Rivaroli Chapter 10: Research Center for Preventing and Curing FGM and Its Complications, Abdulcadir Omar Hussen Chapter 11: Preliminary Research Into the Psycho-Sexual Aspects of the Operation of Deinfibulation, Saulo Sirigatti, Lucrezia Catania, Sara Simone, Silvia Casale, Abdulcadir Omar Hussen Chapter 12: Addressing Female Genital Mutilation in Germany: The work of the women’s rights organization Terre Des Femmes and the situation in Germany, Petra Schnuell, Gritt Richter, Claudia Piccolantonio Chapter 13: Male Circumcision in Italy, Franco Viviani, Gian Luca Costardi, Lisa Capparotto, Pia Grassivaro Gallo Chapter 14: Genital Integrity and Gender Equity, J. Steven Svoboda Chapter 15: Increasing Awarenessof Iatrogenic Damage Consequent to Male Circumcision, Jim Bigelow and R. Wayne Griffiths Chapter 16: A Survey of Subjective Foreskin Sensation in 600 Intact Men, Peter J. Ball Chapter 17: Human Rights Advances in the United States, George C. Denniston Chapter 18: Toward Regulation of Non-Therapeutic Genital Surgeries Upon Minors: A Preliminary Strategy, John V. Geisheker Chapter 19: Strategies for Litigation, David J. Llewellyn Chapter 20: Of Waste and Want: A Nationwide Survey of Medicaid Funding for Medically Unnecessary, Non-Therapeutic Circumcision, Amber Craig, Dan Bollinger Chapter 21: A Campaign for the Eradication of Infibulation Within an Extended Family: Khartoum, Sudan, Nagla Dawelbait, Pia Grassivaro Gallo, Marianna Pappalardo Appendix Index