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For courses in American Literary Survey.
This leading, two-volume anthology represents America's literary heritage from the colonial times of William Bradford and Anne Bradstreet to the contemporary era of Saul Bellow and Alice Walker. This anthology is best known for its solid headnotes and introductions as well as a balance approach to selections.
James S. Leonard is Professor and Chair of the Department of English at The Citadel. He is the editor of Making Mark Twain Work in the Classroom (Duke University Press, 1999), coeditor of Authority and Textuality: Current Views of Collaborative Writing (Locust Hill Press, 1994) and Satire or Evasion? Black Perspectives on Huckleberry Finn (Duke University Press, 1992), coauthor of The Fluent Mundo: Wallace Stevens and the Structure of Reality (University of Georgia Press, 1988), editor of the Mark Twain Circular (since 1987), managing editor of The Mark Twain Annual (since 2004), and a major contributor to The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Poets and Poetry (Greenwood Press, 2006) and American History Through Literature (Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005).
Shelley Fisher Fishkin is Professor of English and Director of American Studies at Stanford University. She is the author, editor, or co-editor of forty books, including the award-winningWas Huck Black? Mark Twain and African American Voices (1993) andFrom Fact to Fiction: Journalism and Imaginative Writing in America (1988), as well as Lighting Out for the Territory (1997), The OxfordMark Twain (1996), the Historical Guide to Mark Twain (2002), Is He Dead?A Comedy in Three Acts by Mark Twain (2004), People of the Book: Thirty Scholars Reflect on Their Jewish Identity (with Jeffrey Rubin-Dorsky) (1996),Listening to Silences: New Essays in Feminist Criticism (1994) (with Elaine Hedges), and Sport of the Gods and Other Essential Writings by Paul Laurence Dunbar (with David Bradley) (2005). She has also published over eighty articles essays or reviews in publications includingAmerican Quarterly, American Literature, Journal of American History, American Literary History, and theNew York Times Book Review, and has lectured on American literature in Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Taiwan, Turkey, the U.K. and throughout the U.S.
A member of the first class of women to graduate from Yale College, she stayed on at Yale to earn her MA in English and her PhD in American Studies. Before her arrival at Stanford, she directed the Poynter Fellowship in Journalism at Yale and taught American Studies and English at the University of Texas at Austin, where she chaired the American Studies Department. She co-founded the Charlotte Perkins Gilman Society, and is a past-president of the Mark Twain Circle of America and the American Studies Association.
David Bradley earned a BA in Creative Writing at the University of Pennsylvania in 1972 and a MA in United States Studies at the University of London in 1974. A Professor of English at Temple University from 1976 to 1997, Bradley has been a visiting professor at the San Diego State University, the University of California-San Diego, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Colgate University, the College of William & Mary, the City College of the City University of New York and the Michener Center for Writers at the University of Texas, Austin. He is currently an Associate Professor of Fiction in the Creative Writing Program at the University of Oregon
Bradley has read and lectured extensively in the United States and also in Japan, Korea, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, South Africa and Australia. He is the author of two novels, South Street (1975) and The Chaneysville Incident (1981)which was awarded the 1982 PEN/Faulkner Award and an Academy Award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. His non-fiction has appeared in Esquire,Redbook,The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times andThe New Yorker. A recipient of fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation and the National Endowment for the Arts His most recent publication is semi-scholarly: The Essential Writings of Paul Laurence Dunbar, which he co-edited with Shelley Fisher Fishkin. His current works in-progress include a creative non-fiction book, The Bondage Hypothesis: Meditations on Race, History and America, a novel-in-stories, Raystown, and an essay collection:Lunch Bucket Pieces: New and Selected Creative Nonfiction
Dana D. Nelson (Ph.D.MichiganState) is the Gertrude Conaway Vanderbilt Professor of English and American Studies at Vanderbilt University. She is author of The Word in Black and White: Reading`Race' in American Literature, 1638-1867 (Oxford UP, 1992) and National Manhood: Capitalist Citizenship and the Imagined Fraternity of White Men (Duke UP, 1998) as well as editor of several reprint editions of nineteenth-century American women writers (including Rebecca Rush, Lydia Maria Child, Fanny Kemble and Frances Butler Leigh). Her teaching interests include comparative American colonial literatures, developing democracy in the eighteenth and nineteenth-centuries, ethnic and minority literatures, women's literature, and in frontier representations and literature.
She has served or is serving on numerous editorial boards, including American Literature, Early American Literature, American Literary History, ArizonaQuarterly, and American Quarterly. She is an active member of the Modern Language Association and the American Studies Association. She is currently working on two books: the first argues that presidentialism is bad for US democracy, and the second studies developing practices and representations of democracy in the late British colonies and early United States.
Joseph Csicsila is Associate Professor of English Language and Literature at Eastern Michigan University. He is author of Canons by Consensus: Critical Trends and American Literature Anthologies (2004), the first systematic study of American literature textbooks used by college instructors in the last century. A specialist in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American literature and culture, Csicsila's essays on Mark Twain, Mary Wilkins Freeman, William Faulkner, and other American literary figures have appeared in numerous journals. Currently he serves as Executive Coordinator of the Mark Twain Circle of America.
Contents
Preface
The Literature of Early America
READING THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Letter Describing His First Voyage
FROM The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America
Thursday 11 October 1492
Sunday 14 October 1492
Thomas Hariot (1560-1621)
FROM A Brief and True Report of the Newfound Land of Virginia
Gaspar Perez de Villagra (1555-1620)
FROM History of New Mexico
John Winthrop (1588-1649) and Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643)
FROM The Examination of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson at the Court at Newton November 1637
The Iroquois League
FROM The Constitution of the Five Nations
LITERATURE OF EARLY AMERICA
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH (1580-1631)
FROM The General History of Virginia
The Third Book
Powhatan's Discourse of Peace and War
FROM A Description of New England
WILLIAM BRADFORD (1590-1657)
FROM Of Plymouth Plantation
FROM Chapter I [The Separatist Interpretation of the
Reformation in England, 1550-1607]
FROM Chapter III, Of Their Settling in Holland, and Their Manner of Living
FROM Chapter IV, Showing the Reasons and Causes of Their Removal
FROM Chapter VII, Of Their Departure from Leyden
FROM Chapter IX, Of Their Voyage
FROM Chapter X, Showing How They Sought Out a Place of Habitation
FROM Chapter XI [The Mayflower Compact]
FROM Chapter XII [Narragansett Challenge]
FROM Chapter XIV [End of the "Common Course.. ."]
FROM Chapter XIX [Thomas Morton of Merrymount]
FROM Chapter XXIV [Mr. Roger Williams]
FROM Chapter XXVIII [The Pequot War]
FROM Chapter XXXVI [Winslow's Final Departure]
THOMAS MORTON (c. 1579-1647)
FROM The New English Canaan
JOHN WINTHROP (1588-1649)
FROM A Model of Christian Charity [expanded to include complete work]
FROM The Journal of John Winthrop
ROGER WILLIAMS (c. 1603-1683)
FROM A Key into the Language of America
FROM The Bloody Tenet of Persecution
THE NEW ENGLAND PRIMER (c. 1683)
FROM The New England Primer
ANNE BRADSTREET (1612-1672)
The Prologue
Contemplations
The Flesh and the Spirit
The Author to Her Book
Before the Birth of One of Her Children
To My Dear and Loving Husband
A Letter to Her Husband Absent Upon Public Employment
In Reference to Her Children, 23 June, 1659
In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet
On My Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet
[On Deliverance] from Another Sore Fit
Upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th, 1666
As Weary Pilgrim
FROM Meditations Divine and Moral
MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH (1631-1705)
FROM The Day of Doom
EDWARD TAYLOR (c. 1642-1729)
Prologue
FROM Preparatory Meditations
The Reflexion
Meditation 6 (First Series)
Meditation 8 (First Series)
Meditation 38 (First Series)
Meditation 39 (First Series)
Meditation 150 (Second Series)
FROM God's Determinations
The Preface
The Joy of Church Fellowship Rightly Attended
Upon a Spider Catching a Fly
Huswifery
The Ebb and Flow
A Fig for Thee Oh! Death
COTTON MATHER (1663-1728)
FROM The Wonders of the Invisible World
FROM Magnalia Christi Americana
SAMUEL SEWALL (1652-1730)
FROM The Diary of Samuel Sewall
MARY ROWLANDSON (c. 1637-1711)
A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration
WILLIAM BYRD II (1674-1744)
FROM The Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, 1709-1712
FROM The History of the Dividing Line.. .
JOHN WOOLMAN (1720-1772)
FROM The Journal of John Woolman
JONATHAN EDWARDS (1703-1758)
Sarah Pierrepont
Personal Narrative
FROM A Divine and Supernatural Light
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
FROM Images or Shadows of Divine Things
The Literature of the Eighteenth Century
READING THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Correspondence
Thomas Jefferson to James Madison
Thomas Jefferson to John Adams
Abigail Adams to John Adams
John Adams to Abigail Adams
The Federalist/Anti-Federalist Controversy
The Federalist No. 1 (Alexander Hamilton)
The Federalist No. 2 (John Jay)
The Federalist No. 10 (James Madison)
The Federalist No. 51 (James Madison)
[Anti-Federalist Essay] (Brutus)
LITERATURE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706-1790)
FROM The Autobiography
Silence Dogood, No. 2
Silence Dogood, No. 7
Benjamin Franklin's Epitaph
FROM Poor Richard's Almanac, 1733
FROM Poor Richard's Almanac, 1746
Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
A Narrative of the Late Massacres, in Lancaster County
SAMSON OCCOM (1723-1792)
FROM A Short Narrative of My Life
The Slow Traveller
A Morning Hymn
A Son's Farewell
Conversion Song
MICHEL-GUILLAUME-JEAN DE CREVECOEUR (1735-1813)
FROM Letters from an American Farmer
Letter III (What Is an American?)
Letter IX (Description of Charleston)
Letter XII (Distresses of a Frontier Man)
OLAUDAH EQUIANO (1745-1797)
FROM The Life of Olaudah Equiano
THOMAS PAINE (1737-1809)
FROM Common Sense
FROM The American Crisis
FROM The Age of Reason
THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-1826)
FROM Notes on the State of Virginia
FROM Query V: Cascades
FROM Query VI: Productions Mineral, Vegetable and Animal
Query XIV: Laws
FROM Query XVII: Religion
FROM Query XVIII: Manners
FROM Query XIX: Manufactures
FROM Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson
PHILLIS WHEATLEY (1754?-1784)
On Virtue
To the University of Cambridge, in New England
On Being Brought from Africa to America
On the Death of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield. 1770
On Imagination
To S. M. A Young African Painter, On Seeing His Works
Recollection
To His Excellency General Washington
PHILIP FRENEAU (1752-1832)
The Power of Fancy
The Hurricane
To Sir Toby
The Wild Honey Suckle
The Indian Burying Ground
On Mr. Paine's Rights of Man
On a Honey Bee
On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature
On the Religion of Nature
WILLIAM BARTRAM (1739-1823)
FROM Travels through North and South Carolina
JUDITH SARGENT MURRAY (1751-1820)
"On the Equality of the Sexes"
SUSANNA HASWELL ROWSON (1762-1824)
FROM Charlotte Temple
Slaves in Algiers
HANNAH WEBSTER FOSTER (1758-1840)
FROM The Coquette; or, The History of Eliza Wharton
RED JACKET (c. 1750-1830)
The Indians Must Worship the Great Spirit in Their Own Way
The Literature of the Early- to Mid-Nineteenth Century
READING THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT
William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879)On the Constitution and the Union
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Plea for Captain John Brown
Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention (1848)
Declaration of Sentiments
READING THE CRITICAL CONTEXT
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Introduction [Eulogy to Thoreau]
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
FROM "Twice-Told Tales, by Nathaniel Hawthorne" [A Review]
The Philosophy of Composition
FROM The Poetic Principle
Herman Melville (1819-1891)
FROM Hawthorne and His Mosses
LITERATURE OF THE EARLY- TO MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY
WASHINGTON IRVING (1783-1859)
FROM The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
The Author's Account of Himself
Rip Van Winkle
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Traits of Indian Character
BLACK HAWK (1767-1838)
FROM Black Hawk's Autobiography
WILLIAM APESS (1798-1839)
Eulogy on King Philip
ELIAS BOUDINOT (c.1802-1839)
Address to the Whites
Selections from the Cherokee Phoenix
PENINA MOISE (1797-1880)
To Persecuted Foreigners
The Mirror and the Echo
To a Lottery Ticket
THOMAS BANGS THORPE (1815-1878)
The Big Bear of Arkansas
JAMES FENIMORE COOPER (1789-1851)
FROM The Spy
FROM The Pilot
FROM The Pioneers
FROM The Deerslayer
Preface to The Pilot (1849)
Preface to the Leather-Stocking Tales (1850)
WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (1794-1878)
Thanatopsis
The Yellow Violet
To a Waterfowl
A Forest Hymn
To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe
To the Fringed Gentian
The Prairies
Abraham Lincoln
EDGAR ALLAN POE (1809-1849)
Sonnet-To Science
To Helen
Israfel
The City in the Sea
Sonnet-Silence
Lenore
The Raven
Ulalume-A Ballad
Annabel Lee
Ligeia
The Fall of the House of Usher
The Tell-Tale Heart
The Purloined Letter
RALPH WALDO EMERSON (1803-1882)
Nature
The American Scholar
The Divinity School Address
Self-Reliance
The Poet
The Rhodora
Each and All
The Snow-Storm
Concord Hymn
The Problem
Ode
Hamatreya
Days
Brahma
Terminus
NATHANIEL PARKER WILLIS (1806-1867) January 1, 1828 January 1, 1829
The Lady in the White Dress, I Helped into the Omnibus
MARIA STEWART (1803-1879)
An Address Delivered Before The Afric-American Female Intelligence Society of America
GEORGE MOSES HORTON (1797-1883)
On Liberty and Slavery Death of an Old Carriage Horse Division of An Estate Lover's Farewell On Hearing of the Intention of a Gentleman to Purchase the Poet's Freedom The Creditor to His Proud DebtorGeorge Moses Horton, Myself
MARGARET FULLER (1810-1850)
FROM Woman in the Nineteenth Century
FROM Summer on the Lakes
Mackinaw (Chapter 6)
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804-1864)
My Kinsman, Major Molineux
Young Goodman Brown
The Maypole of Merry Mount
The Minister's Black Veil
The Birth-Mark
The Artist of the Beautiful
Ethan Brand
Rappaccini's Daughter
The Custom-House: Introductory to The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter
HERMAN MELVILLE (1819-1891)
FROM Moby-Dick
Ishmael's Departure (Chapters 1-10)
The Mast-Head (Chapter 35)
The Whiteness of the Whale (Chapter 42)
Fast-Fish and Loose-Fish (Chapter 89)
Bartleby, the Scrivener
Benito Cereno
The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids
The Portent
Shiloh
Malvern Hill
The College Colonel
A Utilitarian View of the Monitor's Fight
The House-Top
The Swamp Angel
The AEolian Harp
The Tuft of Kelp
The Maldive Shark
The Berg
Art
Greek Architecture
LYDIA HOWARD HUNTLEY SIGOURNEY (1791-1865) Indian Names The Indian's Welcome to the Pilgrim Fathers Death of an Infant
LYDIA MARIA CHILD (1802-1880)
Charity Bowery The Black Saxons Slavery's Pleasant HomesThe New England Boy's Song about Thanksgiving Day
JOHN ROLLIN RIDGE (1827-1867)
FROM The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta
JOSIAH HENSON (1789-1883)
FROM The Life of Josiah Henson
FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1818-1895)
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Letter to His Old Master
What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?
West Indian Emancipation Day Speech
JOHN P. PARKER (1827-1900)
FROM His Promised Land
HENRY DAVID THOREAU (1817-1862)
Civil Disobedience
Walden
They Who Prepare my Evening Meal Below
On Fields O'er Which the Reaper's Hand Has Passed
Smoke
Conscience
My Life Has Been the Poem
WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS (1806-1870)
Grayling; or "Murder Will Out"
HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807-1882)
A Psalm of Life
The Arsenal at Springfield
The Jewish Cemetery at Newport
My Lost Youth
Aftermath
The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls
FROM Hiawatha
FROM Tales of a Wayside Inn
The Wayside Inn
The Landlord's Tale (Paul Revere's Ride)
Interlude
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (1807-1892)
The Hunters of Men
Massachusetts to Virginia
The Warning
Toussaint l'Ouverture
The Farewell
Song of Slaves in the Desert
Barbara Fritchie
JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (1819-1891)
To the Dandelion
FROM The Biglow Papers, First Series
FROM A Fable for Critics
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE (1811-1896)
FROM Uncle Tom's Cabin
Preface
Chapter I
Chapter VII
Chapter IX
Chapter XIV
Chapter XXV
Chapter XXVI
Chapter XXXV
Chapter XL
Chapter XLI
FANNY FERN (1811-1872)
Aunt Hetty on Matrimony
Hints to Young Wives
Owls Kill Hummingbirds
The Tear of a Wife
Mrs. Adolphus Smith Sporting the "Blue Stocking"
Fresh Fern Leaves: Leaves of Grass
Blackwell's Island
Blackwell's Island No. 3
Independence
The Working Girls of New York
WILLIAM WELLS BROWN (1814-1884)
The Escape
HARRIET ANN JACOBS (1813-1897)
FROM Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Chapter I
Chapter V
Chapter VI
Chapter X
Chapter XVI
Chapter XXI
Chapter XLI
JAMES M. WHITFIELD (1822-1871)
America
Self-Reliance
ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809-1865)
To Horace Greeley
Gettysburg Address
Second Inaugural Address
FRANCES E. W. HARPER (1825-1911)
"Bury Me in a Free Land"
"To the Union Savers of Cleveland"
"The Slave Mother"
"Learning to Read"
"Aunt Chloe's Politics"
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT (1832-1888)
FROM Little Women
FROM Hospital Sketches
A Day (Chapter III)
A Night (Chapter IV)
EMMA LAZARUS (1849-1887)
"In the Jewish Synagogue at Newport,"
"The New Colossus"
"1492"
WALT WHITMAN (1819-1892)
Preface to the 1855 Edition of Leaves of Grass
Song of Myself (from 1855 Edition of Leaves of Grass)
FROM Inscriptions
To You
One's-Self I Sing
When I read the book
I Hear America Singing
Poets to Come
FROM Children of Adam
From pent-up aching rivers
Out of the rolling ocean the crowd
As Adam, Early in the Morning
Once I pass'd through a populous city
Facing west from California's shores
FROM Calamus
In paths untrodden
Scented herbage of my breast
What Think You I take My Pen In Hand?
I saw in Louisiana a live-oak growing
I hear it was charged against me
Crossing Brooklyn Ferry
FROM Sea-Drift
Out of the cradle endlessly rocking
As I ebb'd with the ocean of life
FROM By the Roadside
When I heard the learn'd astronomer
The Dalliance of the Eagles
FROM Drum-Taps
Beat! Beat! Drums!
Cavalry Crossing a Ford
Bivouac on a Mountain Side
Vigil strange I kept on the field one night
A march in the ranks hard-prest, and the road unknown
A sight in camp in the daybreak gray and dim
The Wound-Dresser
FROM Memories of President Lincoln
When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom'd
FROM Autumn Rivulets
There was a child went forth
Sparkles from the Wheel
Who Learns My Lesson Complete?
Passage to India
The Sleepers
From Whispers of Heavenly Death
A noiseless patient spider
FROM Noon to Starry Night
To a Locomotive in Winter
FROM Democratic Vistas
EMILY DICKINSON (1830-1886)
49 I never lost as much but twice
67 Success is counted sweetest
125 For each ecstatic instant
130 These are the days when Birds come back
165 A Wounded Deer - leaps highest
185 "Faith" is a fine invention
210 The thought beneath so slight a film
214 I taste a liquor never brewed
216 Safe in their Alabaster Chambers
241 I like a look of Agony
249 Wild Nights-Wild Nights!
258 There's a certain Slant of light
280 I felt a Funeral, in my Brain
287 A Clock stopped
303 The Soul selects her own Society
324 Some keep the Sabbath going to Church
328 A Bird came down the Walk
338 I know that He exists
341 After great pain, a formal feeling comes
401 What Soft-Cherubic Creatures
414 'Twas like a Maelstrom, with a notch
435 Much Madness is divinest Sense
441 This is my letter to the World
448 This was a Poet-It is That
449 I died for Beauty-but was scarce
465 I heard a Fly buzz-when I died
510 It was not Death, for I stood up
520 I started Early-Took my Dog
585 I like to see it lap the Miles
613 They shut me up in Prose
632 The Brain-is wider than the sky
640 I cannot live with You
650 Pain-has an Element of Blank
657 I dwell in Possibility
670 One need not be a Chamber-to be Haunted
709 Publication-is the Auction
712 Because I could not stop for Death
732 She rose to His Requirement-dropt
745 Renunciation-is a piercing Virtue
754 My life had stood-a Loaded Gun
764 Presentiment-is that long Shadow-on the Lawn
976 Death is a Dialogue between
986 A narrow Fellow in the Grass
1052 I never saw a Moor
1078 The Bustle in a House
1129 Tell all the truth but tell it slant
1207 He preached upon "Breadth" till it argued him narrow
1463 A Route of Evanescence
1545 The Bible is an antique Volume
1624 Apparently with no surprise
1670 In Winter in my Room
1732 My life closed twice before its close
1755 To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee
1760 Elysium is as far as to
Letters to T. W. Higginson