Preface Gerald Litwack 1. Aging and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis Leonidas H. Duntas 2. Hypothalamic aging and hormones Zi-Jian Cai 3. Hypothalamic gene transfer of BDNF promotes healthy aging Lei Cao, Seemaab Ali and Nicholas J. Queen 4. Melatonin and healthy aging Daniel P. Cardinali 5. Luteinizing hormone and the aging brain Megan Mey, Sabina Bhatta and Gemma Casadesus 6. Leptin regulation of hippocampal synaptic function in health and disease Kirsty Hamilton and Jenni Harvey 7. Endocannabinoids and agingInflammation, neuroplasticity, mood and pain Yongsoon Park and Bruce A. Watkins 8. Parathyroid hormone levels and aging: Effect on balance Lavanya Murthy and Gustavo Duque 9. Insulin and aging Mirian Ayumi Kurauti, Gabriela Moreira Soares, Carine Marmentini, Gabriela Alves Bronczek, Renato Chaves Souto Branco and Antonio Carlos Boschero 10. Sirtuins and the prevention of immunosenescence Denise Lasiglie 11. Alterations in cyclic nucleotide signaling are implicated in healthy aging and age-related pathologies of the brain Nicole Gorny and Michy P. Kelly 12. Aging and FGF23-klotho system Makoto Kuro-O 13. Aging and sex hormones in males Maria Chiara Decaroli, Sara De Vincenti and Vincenzo Rochira 14. Sexual dimorphism, aging and immunity Veena Taneja 15. Hormones and bone loss across the menopause transition Arun S. Karlamangla, Albert Shieh and Gail A. Greendale 16. Relaxin abrogates genomic remodeling of the aged heart Guillermo Romero and Guy Salama 17. Role of FoxO transcription factors in aging-associated cardiovascular diseases Sneha Mishra, Venkatraman Ravi and Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan 18. Ghrelin and adipokines: An overview of their physiological role, antimicrobial activity and impact on cardiovascular conditions Luis Perpetuo, Pierre Marie Voisin, Francisco Amado, Christophe Hirtz and Rui Vitorino 19. Sex hormones and cognition in aging Caroline Gurvich, Jessica Le, Natalie Thomas, Elizabeth H. X. Thomas and Jayashri Kulkarni 20. Role of hormones in sarcopenia Priego T, Martin AI, Gonzalez-Hedstrom D, Granado M, Lopez-Calderon A and Daniel Cardalini 21. Sources of lumbar back pain during aging and potential therapeutic targets T. Peter Li, Amit Jain and Xu Cao 22. Leydig cell aging: Molecular mechanisms and treatments V. Papadopoulos and B. Zirkin 23. Adiponectin/AdipoRs signaling as a key player in testicular aging and associated-metabolic disorders Mayank Choubey, Ashutosh Ranjan and Amitabh Krishna