1. Structures of Thymosin Proteins Kathleen Hoch and David E. Volk 2. Intrinsic, Functional and Structural Properties of ss-Thymosins and ss-Thymosin/ WH2 Domains in the Regulation and Coordination of Actin Self-Assembly Dynamics and Cytoskeleton Remodeling Louis Renault 3. Actin-Induced Structure in the Beta-Thymosin Family of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Bo Xue and Robert C. Robinson 4. Phosphorylation of Prothymosin a. An Approach to its Biological Significance Manuel Freire, Concepcion Sofia Sarandeses,Guillermo Covelo and Cristina Diaz-Jullien 5. Mechanism of Action of Thymosin a1: Does it Interact with Membrane by Recognition of Exposed Phosphatidylserine on Cell Surface? A Structural Approach Ridvan Nepravishta, Walter Mandaliti, Paola Sinibaldi Vallebona, Francesca Pica, Enrico Garaci and Maurizio Paci 6. Thymosin Beta 4 is a Potential Regulator of Hepatic Stellate Cells Jieun Kim and Youngmi Jung 7. Immune Modulation with Thymosin Alpha 1 Treatment Robert King and Cynthia Tuthill 8. Prothymosin Alpha and Immune Responses: Are we Close to Potential Clinical Applications? Pinelopi Samara , Kyriaki Ioannou and Ourania E. Tsitsilonis 9. Cardioprotection by Thymosin Beta 4 Gordon Teg Pipes and Jing Yang 10. Thymosin ss4: Roles in Development, Repair, and Engineering of the Cardiovascular System Edward D. Marks and Arun Kumar 11. Thymosin ss4 Promotes Dermal Healing Hynda K. Kleinman and Gabriel Sosne 12. Thymosin Beta 4: A Potential Novel Therapy for Neurotrophic Keratopathy, Dry Eye, and Ocular Surface Diseases Gabriel Sosne, David Rimmer, Hynda Kleinman and George Ousler