This literary investigation of identity construction in twentieth-century Welsh Patagonia breaks new ground by looking at the Welsh community in Chubut not as a quaint anomaly, but in its context as an integral part of Argentina. Its focus is on historicising and problematising the adoption of the so-called Welsh feat as foundational narrative for Chubut and its settler colonial implications in the larger settler colonial formation that is Argentina, where indigenous re-emergence seems to be leading the way towards real pluralism. Exploring the understudied period immediately preceding the celebrated turn-of-the-century revitalisation, Memoir and Identity in Welsh Patagonia presents four memoirs written in Welsh and Spanish by Welsh Patagonian descendants, read against the grain to foreground the tensions, dissonances and ambivalences emerging from the individual narratives. The study then probes the romanticised stereotype of the Welsh descendant so prevalent in media representations, in order to describe a broader, richer panorama of what it means to be a Welsh descendant in Patagonia in a modern Argentine context.