Table of Contents:
Chapter 1--An Introduction to Cognition
What is Cognition?
The Omnipresence of Cognitive Processing
An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Psychology B.C. (Before Cognitive psychology)
Psychophysics
Structuralism: The Contents of Mental Experience
Functionalism: The Functions of Mental Experience
Behaviorism: The Rejection of Mental Experience
Laying the Foundation for Cognitive Psychology
The Emergence of Cognitive Psychology
S-R Explanations: Seriously wRong?
Technological Influences
PSYCHOLOGY A.D. (After Decline of behaviorism)
Behaviorism Reconsidered
Information-Processing: A Computer Metaphor for Cognition
Connectionism: A Brain Metaphor for Cognition
Alternative Approaches to Cognitive Psychology
Research Themes
Chapter 2--Research Methods in Cognition
Descriptive Research
Naturalistic Observation
Case Studies
Self-Report
Experimental Research
The Importance of the Computer
What Happens in an Experiment?
The Advantages and Disadvantages of an Experiment
The Cognitive psychology Experiment
How Can We See Thinking?: The Dependent Variable
What Variables Influence Cognition?: The Independent Variable
Confounding Variables
Assigning Participants to Conditions
The Factorial Design
Analyzing and Presenting Results
A Sample Experiment
Cognitive Neuroscience: Investigating Mind and Brain
An Overview of The Nervous System
The Tools of Cognitive Neuroscience
Chapter 3-Basics of Perception and Awareness
Basic Issues in Perception
Sensation and. Perception
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing
The Basic Tasks of Visual Perception
Perceptual Organizational Processes
Multisensory Interaction and Integration
Synesthesia
Comparing the Senses
Perception and Action
Consciousness
Varieties of Consciousness
Subliminal Perception
Perceptual Processing and Attention
Visual Attention
Auditory Attention
Chapter 4 - Attending to and Manipulating Information
Selection and Division: The Strategic Nature of Attention
Control of Selective Attention
Dividing Attention
Automaticity
Characteristics of Automatic Processes
Accounts of Automaticity
Costs of Automaticity
Processing in Immediate Memory
The Information Processing Approach to Memory
Short-Term Memory
A Modular Approach to STM: Working Memory
The Articulatory Loop
The Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
The Episodic Buffer
Central Executive
Working Memory and the Brain
The Working Memory Model Re-Considered
Chapter 5 - Identification and Classification
Identification and Classifictation: An Overview
Identifcation: Recognizing from the Bottom, Up and from the Top, Down
Concepts and Categories: The Database for Recognition
Object Recognition
Effects of Orientation and Perspective
Effects of Context
Theories of Visual Object Recognition
Non-Visual Recognition
Recognizing Faces
Face Inversion
Configural Processing
So, Is Face Recognition Special?
Self-Recognition
Concepts and Categories
Types of Categories (Categories as a Category)
Functions of Concepts
Approaches to Concept Representation
Chapter 6 - Encoding and Retrieval Processes in Long-Term Memory
Fundamental Issues and Distinctions
Short-Term Memory vs.Long-Term Memory
Types of Long-Term Memory
A Descriptive Framework: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
Encoding Processes in Explicit Long-term Remembering
Attention and Repetition
Rehearsal
Remembering Actions
Retrieval Processes in Long-Term Memory
Availability and Accessibility
Encoding Specificity
Retrieval: An Effective Encoding Strategy?
Encoding, Retrieval, and Hemispheric Asymmetry
Memory and Consciousness
Remembering and Knowing
Implicit Memory
Chapter 7 - Memory Distortions
Sins of Memory
Eyewitness Memory
Encoding and Storage Factors
Retrieval Factors
Witness Factors
An Applied Triumph
Illusory Memories
Simple Events
Complex events
A Constructive Memory Framework
Social Influences and Constructive Remembering
The Recovered Memory Controversy
Can We Completely Forget and Recover Traumatic Events?
Can False Memories for Traumatic Events be Created?
What Constitutes Valid Evidence?
The APA Working Group
Chapter 8 -- Remembering the Past
Everyday Memory
Neisser's Challenge: Ecological Validity and Memory Research
Autobiographical Memory: Basic Issues and Methodology
Memories versus Facts
Methods of Investigation
The Autobiographical Memory Retention Function
Childhood Amnesia
The Reminiscence Bump
Forgetting
Factors Affecting Retrieval of Autobiographical Memories
Encoding Specificity in Autobiographical Memory
Retrieval Cues for Autobiographical Memory
The Self-Memory System
Involuntary Autobiographical Memories
Emotion and Autobiographical Memory
Flashbulb Memories
Effects of Mood on Remembered Events
Conclusion: Functions of Autobiographical Memory
Communicative Function
Emotional Function
Directive Function
Chapter 9 - Knowledge Representation and Retrieval
Representing and Retrieving Words and Associates
Word Representation and Retrieval: The Mental Lexicon
Models of Word Recognition
Words Connecting with Words: Semantic Networks
Representing and Retrieving Everyday Knowledge
Knowledge Learned Through Formal Instruction
People's Names
Songs
Analog Representation
The Study of Visual Imagery
The Imagery Debate
Chapter 10 -Language
Language: Basic Principles
Words and Rules
Design Features of Language
Is Language Modular?
Levels of Analysis
Speech and Spoken Word Recognition
Phonology
Morphology
Reading and Visual Word Recognition
Eye Movements
Visual Word Recognition
From Words to Sentences: Syntax and Semantics
Transformational Grammar
Sentence Parsing
Language: Learned or Innate?
Language Production
Stages in Language Production
Language in Non-Humans
Language Training Projects
What Makes Language Special?
Chapter 11 - Problem Solving
What is a Problem?
Well-defined and Ill-defined Problems
Routine and Non-routine Problems
Problem-Solving Research: Some Methodological Challenges
Approaches to the Study of Problem Solving
Behaviorism: Problem Solving as Associative Learning
Gestalt Psychology: Problem Solving as Insight
Cognitive Psychology: Problem Solving as Information Processing
Problem Representation
Rigidity in Representation
Stereotypes as a Threat to Problem Representation
Problem Solution
Algorithms
Heuristics
Experts: Masters of Representation and Solution
Expert Advantages
Expert Disadvantages: Costs of Expertise
Insight and Creativity
Insight
Creativity
Creativity, Insight, and the Brain
Chapter 12 - Reasoning, Judgment, and Decision Making
Complex Thinking: Reasoning, Judgment, and Decision Making
The Focus on Errors
Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Judgment
Basing Judgments on Memory: The Availability Heuristic
Basing Judgments on Similarity: The Representativeness Heuristic
Basing Judgments on Initial Estimates: The Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
Biased Evaluation of Our Judgments
Decision-Making
Expected Utility: A Normative Approach
Prospect Theory: A Descriptive Approach
References
Name Index
Subject Index
