Brief and accessible, this rhetoric teaches students to read closely, critically, and rhetorically, and to write effectively to achieve their rhetorical goals.

Foreword xii Preface xiv 1 Everyday Use: Rhetoric in Our Lives 1 Rescuing Rhetoric from Its Bad Reputation: Definitions and Examples 3 What Does Being Skilled at RhetoricMean? 5 Developing Skill with Rhetoric: The Rhetorical Triangle 6 Key #1: Understanding Persona 8 Key #2: Understanding Appeals to the Audience 11 Key #3: Understanding Subject Matter and Its Treatment 13 Modifying the Basic Rhetorical Triangle: Rhetoric Occurs in a Context 15 Key #4: Understanding Context 16 Key #5: Understanding Intention 18 Key #6: Understanding Genre 19 Rhetoric in Everyday Life: Your Life, Your Community 21 Rhetoric and Citizenship 22 Rhetoric and Community 24 Rhetoric and Conscientious Consumption 26 Interchapter 1 29 2 Understanding the Traditional Canons of Rhetoric: Invention and Memory 33 Rhetoric at Work: Context and the Three Appeals 35 Invention 36 Systematic Invention Strategy I: The Journalist's Questions 36 Systematic Invention Strategy II: Kenneth Burke's Pentad 39 Systematic Invention Strategy III: The Enthymeme 42 Systematic Invention Strategy IV: The Topics 46 The Basic Topics 46 The Common Topics 48 Intuitive Invention Strategies: A Preview 51 Memory 52 Interchapter 2 55 3 Using the Traditional Canons of Rhetoric: Arrangement, Style, and Delivery 57 Arrangement 58 Genres 58 Functional Parts 60 Questions About the Parts 61 Style 63 Style and Situation 64 Style and Jargon 65 Are You and I Okay? 65 Style and Contractions 66 Style and the Passive Voice 66 Dimensions of the Study of Style: Sentences, Words, and Figures 67 Sentences 67 Parallel Structure 70 Words 73 General Versus Specific Words 74 Formal Versus Informal Words 74 Latinate Versus Anglo-Saxon Words 76 Common Terms Versus Slang or Jargon 78 Denotation Versus Connotation 79 Figures of Rhetoric: Schemes and Tropes 79 Schemes Involving Balance 80 Schemes Involving Interruption 81 Schemes Involving Omission 82 Schemes Involving Repetition 82 Tropes Involving Comparisons 83 Tropes Involving Word Play 84 Tropes Involving Overstatement or Understatement 85 Tropes Involving the Management of Meaning 85 Delivery 86 Interchapter 3 91 4 Rhetoric and the Writer 93 Writing as Process: Making the Right Moves for Context 94 Writing as a Rhetorical Process 95 Inventing 95 Investigating 96 Planning 96 Drafting 97 Consulting 98 Revising 99 Editing 99 Real Writers at Work: Cases for Studying Writing and Rhetoric 100 Erica: Slow Starter 100 Erica's Intention and Invention 103 Apply Erica's Solution 104 Chan: Confused About Context 106 Chan, Context, and Notes 109 Apply Chan's Solution 111 Tasha, Lewis, and Susan: A Group at Work on Writing 112 Nell: The Rhetorical Reviser 114 You Pull It All Together 116 Using What You Read 118 Revising Your First Effort 118 Revising for Persona 119 Revising for Audience 120 Revising Subject 120 Revising Evidence 121 Interchapter 4 123 5 Rhetoric and the Reader 124 Predicting What's Next 126 Understanding How Readers Predict 129 Rosenblatt and Interaction: Two Kinds of Reading 130 Rosenblatt, Reading, and Rhetoric 133 Rhetorical Analysis of Chaos 134 Matching Experience and Intention 135 Rhetorical Analysis: You Try It 139 Building the Reader's Repertoire 143 Reading Your Own Writing 146 Interchapter 5 151 6 Readers as Writers, Writers as Readers: Making Connections 153 Reading and Writing: Different? Similar? 154 The Literacy Memory 156 The Process of Making Meaning: Readers as Writers 157 More About Prediction and Revision in Reading 157 Prediction and Revision in Writing: Writers as Readers 163 More About Prediction and Revision in Writing 164 Voice and Rhetoric 165 What We Hear When We Read and Write 166 The Logical Appeal: Logos 166 The Ethical Appeal: Ethos 169 The Emotional Appeal: Pathos 171 The Appeals Combined 173 Reading,Writing, and Synthesis: The Researched Argument 176 Tackling the Rhetorical Argument 177 Assessing a Researched Argument 178 Interchapter 6 189 7 Rhetoric in Narrative 191 Character 194 Rhetorical Choices for Character 195 Flat and Round, Static and Dynamic 196 Character and the Pentad 198 Setting 200 Summary and Scenic Narration 202 Conflict and Plot 204 Tragedy Versus Comedy 205 Conflict in Decision Making 206 Conflict in Relationships 206 Conflict with the Elements 206 Conflict and the Pentad 207 Protagonist, Antagonist 209 Narrator: Point of View 209 First-Person Narration 210 Third-Person Narration 211 Second-Person Narration 212 Reliable and Unreliable Narrators 213 Narrators in Poems 214 Theme 215 Theme and the Pentad 215 Symbols 216 Images 216 Diction 217 Syntax 217 A Final Word About Narrative-and About Rhetoric 218 Interchapter 7 219 READINGS 221 Henry David Thoreau, On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 222 Eavan Boland, It's a Woman's World 238 Alice Walker, Everyday Use 240 ADDITIONAL READINGS 247 Civil Rights and Responsibilities 247 Bob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin' 248 Rock the Vote Web Pages 249 Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal 251 John Donne, Meditation 17 257 Toni Morrison, Nobel Lecture 259 Dominic Behan, Patriot Game 265 Jane Addams, The Settlement as a Factor in the Labor Movement 266 Mohandas K. Gandhi, Seven Social Sins 274 Sitting for Justice: Woolworth's Lunch Counter 275 Feminism and Women's Issues 277 Sojourner Truth, Ain't I a Woman? 277 Emily Dickinson, The Soul Selects Her Own Society 280 Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour 280 Susan Glaspell, Trifles 283 Mike Baldwin, Our Standards . . . 295 John Everett Millais, Ophelia 296 Virginia Woolf, Shakespeare's Sister 297 Katha Pollitt, Girls Against Boys? 299 Catherine Haun, A Woman's Trip Across the Plains in 1849 301 Ethnicity and Culture 316 William Shakespeare, Shylock's Defense 317 James Baldwin, Stranger in the Village 318 Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings 327 Louise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways 332 Amy Wu for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Border Apprehensions: 2005 333 Jacob Riis, Lodgers in a Crowded Bayard Street Tenement: Five Cents a Spot 336 Art Spiegelman, from Maus II: A Survivor's Tale (And Here My Troubles Began) 337 Leonard Pitts Jr., The Game of Justice Is Rigged 339 Glossary of Rhetorical Terms 341 Credits 353 Index 367 Additional Notes for Teachers 369