Gender in International Relations extends and applies a variety of contemporary feminist perspectives to the phenomena of international relations. These new ways of seeing suggest constructive criticisms of realist, liberal, and Marxist theories of international relations. In particular, gender differences and inequalities in the historical construction of state identities and citizen responsibilities are revealed. Tickner introduces a gendered perspective on international relations, which is then linked to other recent critiques of the inadequacy of realism and neorealism in explaining international politics today. Tickner also looks at economic and environmental concerns by asking what difference it makes when gender difference and gender relations are introduced to the analysis.