1. Introduction: Thinking Jewish Modernity, 1 Jacques Picard, Jacques Revel, Michael P. Steinberg, Idith Zertal 2. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Judaism Essential and Mysterious, 16 Lydia Flem 3. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917): Modern Society and the Jews, 30 Bruno Karsenti 4. Theodor Herzl (1860-1904): Sovereignty and the Two Palestines, 46 Raef Zreik 5. Simon Dubnow (1860-1941): Reluctant Secularism, 61 Dan Diner 6. Bernard Lazare (1865-1903): Radical Modernism and Jewish Identity, 75 Nathaniel Berman 7. Avraham Yitzhak Ha-Cohen Kook (1865-1935): Revelation and Redemption, 92 Yehudah Mirsky 8. Aby Warburg (1866-1929): "Thinking Jewish" in Modernity, 108 Griselda Pollock 9. Walther Rathenau (1867-1922): Bildung, Prescription, Prophecy, 126 Leon Botstein 10. Else Lasker-Schuler (1869-1945): Poetic Redemption, 144 Vivian Liska 11. Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919): Universalism and Particularism, 159 Kevin B. Anderson and Peter Hudis 12. Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951): Sonic Allegories, 173 Ruth HaCohen 13. Martin Buber (1878-1965): The Theopolitical Hour, 187 Christoph Schmidt 14. Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Solidarity and Ambivalence, 204 Robert Schulmann 15. Horace Kallen (1882-1974): Pragmatic Modernism, 220 Jacques Picard 16. Franz Kafka (1883-1924): Writing in Motion, 233 Galili Shahar 17. David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973): The Politicization of the Jews, 249 Yar on Ezrahi 18. Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929): On the Idea of Diaspora, 265 Peter E. Gordon 19. Rene Cassin (1887-1976): Human Rights and Jewish Internationalism, 278 Samuel Moyn 20. Shmuel Yoseph Agnon (1888-1970): Baptism by Fire, 292 Ariel Hirschfeld 21. Walter Benjamin (1892-1940): Anti-apocalyptic World Politics, 306 Astrid Deuber-Mankowsky 22. Peretz Markish (1895-1952): Modern Marxist and Yiddishist, 320 David Shneer and Robert Adler Peckerar 23. Gershom Scholem (1897-1982): Mystical Modernism, 335 David Biale 24. Leo Strauss (1899-1973): Protestant Judaism and Its Islamic Remedy, 350 Leora F. Batnitzky 25. Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903-1994): A Believer's Voyage, 364 Avi Sagi 26. Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969): Auschwitz and Commodity Fetishism, 379 Moshe Zuckermann 27. Mark Rothko (1903-1970): Beyond Absence, 393 Ulrike Gehring 28. Elias Canetti (1905-1994): A Difficult Contemporary, 407 Galin Tihanov 29. Emmanuel Levinas (1905-1995): Tradition and Its Other, 423 Raphael Zagury-Orly 30. Hannah Arendt (1906-1975): Being in the Present, 436 Martine Leibovici 31. Arnaldo Momigliano (1908-1987): Judaism Past and Present, 450 Silvia Berti 32. Simone Weil (1909-1943): A Jewish Thinker?, 466 Maud S. Mandel 33. Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997): Unpretentious Passion, 480 Yuli Tamir 34. Nathan Alterman (1910-1970): Poetry National and Political, 493 Hannan Hever 35. Saul Bellow (1915-2005): Athens and Jerusalem, 507 Steven Jaron 36. Primo Levi (1919-1987): Memory and Enlightenment, 520 Enzo Traverso 37. Paul Celan (1920-1970): The Word Proscribed, 535 Arnau Pons 38. Clarice Lispector (1920-1977): A Woman of Spirit, 550 Nelson H. Vieira 39. Juan Gelman (1930-2014): The Bereaved Bird, 564 Pablo Kirtchuk 40. Jacques Derrida (1930-2004): Judeities, 583 Joseph Cohen 41. Philip Roth (1933-): Writing the American Jewish Century, 597 Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi 42. Dahlia Ravikovitch (1936-2005): Poetry, Power, Powerlessness, 613 Chana Kronfeld and Chana Bloch 43. Joel and Ethan Coen (1954-/ 1957-): Finding Rabbi Marshak, 629 Daniel Herwitz 44. Judith Butler (1956-): Between Ethics and Politics, 642 Bonnie Honig and John Wolfe Ackerman Acknowledgments 655 List of Contributors (Editors and Authors) 657 Illustration Credits 661 Index 663