I. Fundamental Principles of Educational Research
1. Introduction to Evidence-Based Inquiry
Key Terms
Educational Research in the Twenty-First Century
Research as Scientific, Evidence-Based Inquiry
Quantitative and Qualitative Research Approaches
The Functions of Research: Basic, Applied, Evaluation, and Action
Limitations of Educational Research
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
2. Research Designs and ReadingResearch Reports
Key Terms
Research Designs
Quantitative Research Designs
Qualitative Research Designs
Mixed-Method Research Designs
Readingand Understanding Research Reports
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Note
3. Research Problems: Statements, Questions, and Hypotheses
Key Terms
The Nature of Research Problems
Problem Formulation in Quantitative Research
Problem Formulation in Qualitative Research
Problem Formulation in Mixed-Method Research
The Significance of Problem Selection
Standards of Adequacy for Problem Statements
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
4. Literature Review.
Key Terms
Functions of a Review of Related Literature
Sources for a Literature Review
Steps in Conducting an Electronic Search
Evaluate, Summarize, and Analyze Primary Sources
Organizing and Writing a Literature Review
Meta-Analysis Literature Reviews
Standards of Adequacy
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
5. Educational Research on the Internet
Key Terms
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Internet for Educational Research
An Internet Research Strategy
Education Websites
Evaluating and Citing Sources on the Internet
Putting It All Together: An Internet Search
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
II.Quantitative Research Designs and Methods
6. Designing Quantitative Research
Key Terms
The Purpose of Research Design
Subjects: Populations and Samples
Data Collection Techniques
Procedures
Design Validity
Ethical and Legal Considerations
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Note
7. Descriptive Statistics.
Key Terms
Introduction to Descriptive Statistics
Graphic Portrayals of Data
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Measures of Relationship
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Note
8. Quantitative Data Collection Techniques
Key Terms
Fundamentals of Quantitative Measurement: Technical Adequacy
Paper-and-Pencil Tests
Personality, Attitude, Value, and Interest Inventories
Questionnaires
Interview Schedules
Observation Schedules
Unobtrusive Measures
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
9. Nonexperimental Research Designs and Surveys.
Key Terms
Simple Descriptive Designs
A Word about Relationships in Nonexperimental Research
Comparative Designs
Correlational Designs
Survey Research
Ex Post Facto Designs
Standards of Adequacy
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
10. Experimental and Single-Subject Research Designs
Key Terms
Introduction to Experimental Research
Experimental Validity
Pre-Experimental Designs
Randomized Experimental Designs
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Single-Subject Designs
Standards of Adequacy
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Note
11. Inferential Statistics
Key Terms
Logic of Inferential Statistics
Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Level of Significance
Magnitude of Effect
Comparing Two Means: The t-Test
Comparing Two or More Means: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Nonparametric Tests
Multivariate Analyses
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
III. Qualitative Research Designs and Methods
12. Designing Qualitative Research
Key Terms
Purposes, Research Questions, and Case Study Design
Purposeful Sampling Strategies
Phases of Data Collection and Analysis Strategies
Validity of Qualitative Designs
Reflexivity in Qualitative Research
Extension of Qualitative Findings
Research Ethics: Roles and Reciprocity
Standards of Adequacy
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
13. Qualitative Strategies
Key Terms
Multimethod Strategies
Foreshadowed Problems and Reformulations
Entry into the Field
Participant Observation
In-Depth Interviews
Documents and Artifact Collection
Field Observations and Supplementary Techniques
Standards of Adequacy for Qualitative Strategies
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
14. Qualitative Data Analysis.
Key Terms
Inductive Analysis: An Overview
Interim Analysis
Organizing, Coding and Categorizing
Discovering Patterns
Electronic Qualitative Data Analysis
Variations in Narrative Structure and Representation
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
IV. Emerging Methods of Research.
15. Mixed-Method Designs, Secondary Data Analysis, and Action Research
Key Terms
Mixed-Method Designs by Angela L. Snyder
Secondary Data Analysis by Kirsten Barrett
Action Research
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Note
V. Analytical Research
16. Concept Analysis and Historical Research
Key Terms
Overview and Purposes of Analytical Research
Analysis of Educational Concepts
Analysis of Historical Events in Education
Oral History
Credibility Standards for Analytical Research
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
VI. Evaluation and Policy Research Designs and Methods
17. Evaluation Research and Policy Analysis
Key Terms
Purposes and Definition of Evaluation Research
Selected Approaches to Evaluation
Policy Analysis
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis: Potential Benefits and Limitations
Credibility of Evaluation and Policy Reports
Summary
Research Navigator Notes
Check Yourself
Application Problems
Notes
Answers to Application Problems
Appendix A: Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals
Appendix B: Guidelines for Writing Research Reports
Appendix C: Glossary
Appendix D: Calculations for Selected Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
References
Author Index
Subject Index
