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Henslin's best-selling brief paperback text shares the excitement of sociology-its acclaimed down-to-earth approach and personal writing style highlight the sociology of everyday life and its relevance to readers' lives. The author has a unique ability to engage readers. With wit, personal reflection, and illuminating examples, Henslin shares with readers a passion for sociology unmatched by any other introductory text.
Brief Table of Contents
Part I The Sociological Perspective
Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective
Chapter 2 Culture
Chapter 3 Socialization
Chapter 4 Social Structure and Social Interaction
Part II Social Groups and Social Control
Chapter 5 Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control
Part III Social Inequality
Chapter 7 Global Stratification
Chapter 8 Social Class in the United States
Chapter 9 Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
Chapter 10 Inequalities of Gender and Age
Part IV Social Institutions
Chapter 11 Politics and the Economy
Chapter 12 Marriage and Family
Chapter 13 Education and Religion
Part V Social Change
Chapter 14 Population and Urbanization
Chapter 15 Social Change: Technology, Social Movements, and the Environment
Full Table of Contents
Part I The Sociological Perspective
Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective
Seeing the Broader Social Context
Origins of Sociology
Tradition Versus Science
Auguste Comte and Positivism
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism
Karl Marx and Class Conflict
Emile Durkheim and Social Integration
Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic
Sexism in Early Sociology
Attitudes of the Time
Harriet Martineau and Early Social Research
Sociology in North America
Early History: The Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis
Jane Addams and Social Reform
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Early North American Sociology: Du Bois and Race Relations
W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations
Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory Versus Reform
The Continuing Tension and the Rise of Applied Sociology
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Careers in Sociology: What Applied Sociologists
Do
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Capturing Sadaam Hussein: A Surprising Example of Applied Sociology
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Symbolic Interactionism
Functional Analysis
Conflict Theory
Levels of Analysis: Macro and Micro
Putting the Theoretical Perspectives Together
How Theory and Research Work Together
Doing Sociological Research
A Research Model
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Enjoying a Sociology Quiz-Sociological Findings
Versus Common Sense
Research Methods
Surveys
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Loading the Dice: How Not to Do Research
Participant Observation (Fieldwork)
Secondary Analysis
Documents
Experiments
Unobtrusive Measures
Ethics in Sociological Research
Protecting the Subjects: The Brajuha Research
Misleading the Subjects: The Humphreys Research
Values in Sociological Research
Summary and Review
2 Culture
What Is Culture?
Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations to Life
Practicing Cultural Relativism
Cultural Diversity Around the World: You Are What You Eat? An Exploration in Cultural Relativity
Components of Symbolic Culture
Gestures
Language
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Emoticons: Written Gestures for Expressing Yourself Online
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Miami-Language in a Changing City
Language and Perception: The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Race and Language: Searching for Self- Labels
Values, Norms, and Sanctions
Folkways and Mores
Many Cultural Worlds
Subcultures
Countercultures
Values in U.S. Society
An Overview of U.S. Values
Mass Media in Social Life: Why Do Native Americans Like Westerns?
Value Clusters
Value Contradictions and Social Change
Emerging Values
Culture Wars: When Values Clash
Values as Blinders
Ideal Versus Real Culture
Technology in the Global Village
The New Technology
Cultural Lag and Cultural Change
Technology and Cultural Leveling
Summary and Review
3 Socialization
What Is Human Nature?
Feral Children
Isolated Children
Institutionalized Children
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Heredity or Environment? The Case of Oskar and Jack, Identical Twins
Deprived Animals
Socialization into the Self and Mind
Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self
Mead and Role-Taking
Piaget and the Development of Reasoning
Global Aspects of the Self and Reasoning
Learning Personality and Emotions
Freud and the Development of Personality
Socialization into Emotions
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Do You See What I See?: Eastern and Western Ways of Perceiving and Thinking
Society Within Us: The Self and Emotions as Social Control
Socialization into Gender
Gender Messages in the Family
Gender Messages From Peers
Gender Messages in the Mass Media
Agents of Socialization
The Family
Mass Media in Social Life: From Xena, Warrior Princess, to Lara Croft, Tomb Raider: Changing Images of Women in the Mass Media
The Neighborhood
Religion
Day Care
The School and Peer Groups
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Caught Between Two Worlds
The Workplace
Resocialization
Total Institutions
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Boot Camp as a Total Institution
Socialization Through the Life Course
Childhood (From Birth to About Age 12)
Adolescence (Ages 13-17)
Transitional Adulthood (Ages 18-29)
The Middle Years (Ages 30-65)
The Older Years (About 65 on)
Are We Prisoners of Socialization?
Summary and Review
4 Social Structure and Social Interaction
Levels of Sociological Analysis
Macrosociology and Microsociology
The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure
Down-to-Earth Sociology: College Football as Social Structure
Culture
Social Class
Social Status
Roles
Groups
Social Institutions
Societies-and Their Transformations
Biotech Society: Is a New Type of Society Emerging?
Sociology and the New Technology: So, You Want to Be Yourself? Cloning in the Coming Biotech Society
What Holds Society Together?
Cultural Diversity in the United States: The Amish: Gemeinschaft Community
in a Gesellschaft Society
The Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
Stereotypes in Everyday Life
Personal Space
Down to Earth Sociology: Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep, But Its Effects Go On Forever: Stereotypes in Everyday Life
Dramaturgy: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Mass Media in Social Life: You Can't Be Thin Enough: Body Images and the Mass Media
Ethnomethodology: Uncovering Background Assumptions
The Social Construction of Reality
Social Interaction on the Internet
The Need for Both Macrosociology and Microsociology
Sociology and the New Technology: When Worlds Collide: Virtual Reality and the Real World
Through the Author's Lens: When a Tornado Strikes
Summary and Review
Part II
Social Groups and Social Control
5 Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Social Groups
Primary Groups
Secondary Groups
In-Groups and Out-Groups
Reference Groups
Social Networks
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Facebooking: The Lazy (But Efficient) Way to Meet Friends
A New Group: Electronic Communities
Bureaucracies
The Characteristics of Bureaucracies
Cultural Diversity in the United States: How Our Own Social Networks Perpetuate Social Inequality
The Perpetuation of Bureaucracies
The Rationalization of Society
Coping with Bureaucracies
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The McDonaldization of Society
Working for the Corporation
Stereotypes and the Hidden Corporate Culture
Thinking Critically: Managing Diversity on the Workplace
U.S. and Japanese Corporations
Group Dynamics
Effects of Group Size on Stability and Intimacy
Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior
Leadership
The Power of Peer Pressure: The Asch Experiment
The Power of Authority: The Milgram Experiment
Thinking Critically: If Hitler Asked You to Execute a Stranger, Would You? The Milgram Experiment
Global Consequences of Group Dynamics: Groupthink
Summary and Review
6 Deviance and Social Control
What Is Deviance?
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Human Sexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
How Norms Make Social Life Possible
Sanctions
Thinking Critically: Is It Rape, or Is It Marriage? A Study in Culture Clash
Competing Explanations of Deviance: Sociobiology, Psychology, and
Sociology
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Differential Association Theory
Control Theory
Labeling Theory
The Functionalist Perspective
Can Deviance Really Be Functional for Society?
Strain Theory: How Social Values Produce Deviance
Illegitimate Opportunity Structures: Social Class and Crime
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Islands in the Street: Urban Gangs in the United
States
The Conflict Perspective
Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System
Power and Inequality
The Law as an Instrument of Oppression
Reactions to Deviance
Street Crime and Prisons
Thinking Critically: Three Strikes and You're Out!: Unintended Consequences of Well-Intended Laws
The Decline in Crime
Recidivism
The Death Penalty and Bias
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Killer Next Door: Serial Murderers in Our
Midst
Legal Change
Thinking Critically: Changing Views: Making Hate a Crime
The Medicalization of Deviance: Mental Illness
The Homeless Mentally Ill
The Need for a More Humane Approach
Summary and Review
Part III
Social Inequality
7 Global Stratification
Systems of Social Stratification
Slavery
Mass Media in Social Life: What Price Freedom? Slavery Today
Caste
Class
Global Stratification and the Status of Females
What Determines Social Class?
Karl Marx: The Means of Production
Max Weber: Property, Prestige, and Power
Why Is Social Stratification Universal?
The Functionalist Perspective: Motivating Qualified People
The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict and Scarce Resources
Lenski's Synthesis
How Do Elites Maintain Stratification?
Ideology Versus Force
Comparative Social Stratification
Social Stratification in Great Britain
Social Stratification in the Former Soviet Union
Global Stratification: Three Worlds
The Most Industrialized Nations
The Industrializing Nations
Thinking Critically: Open Season: Children as Prey
The Least Industrialized Nations
Through the Author's Lens: The Dump People
How Did the World's Nations Become Stratified?
Colonialism
World System Theory
Thinking Critically: When Globalization Comes Home: Maquiladores South of
the Border
Culture of Poverty
Evaluating the Theories
Maintaining Global Stratification
Neocolonialism
Multinational Corporations
Technology and Global Domination
A Concluding Note
Summary and Review
8 Social Class in the United States
What Is Social Class?
Property (Wealth)
Power
Prestige
Down-to-Earth Sociology: How the Super-Rich Live
Status Inconsistency
Sociological Models of Social Class
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Big Win: Life After the Lottery
Updating Marx
Updating Weber
Social Class in the Automobile Industry
Consequences of Social Class
Family Life
Education
Religion
Politics
Physical Health
Mental Health
Thinking Critically: Mental Illness and Inequality in Health Care
Social Mobility
Three Types of Social Mobility
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Social Class and the Upward Mobility of African Americans
Women in Studies of Social Mobility
The New Technology and Fears of the Future
Poverty
Drawing the Poverty Line
Who Are the Poor?
Down-to Earth Sociology: Exploring Myths About the Poor
Children of Poverty
Thinking Critically: The Nation's Shame: Children in Poverty
The Dynamics of Poverty
Welfare Reform
Why Are People Poor?
Where Is Horatio Alger? The Social Functions of a Myth
Summary and Review
9 Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
Laying the Sociological Foundation
Race: Myth and Reality
Ethnic Groups
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Tiger Woods and the Emerging Multiracial Identity: Mapping New Ethnic Terrain
Minority and Dominant Groups
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Can a Plane Ride Change Your Race?
How People Construct Their Racial-Ethnic Identity
Learning Prejudice
Individual and Institutional Discrimination
Theories of Prejudice
Psychological Perspectives
Sociological Perspectives
Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations
Genocide
Population Transfer
Internal Colonialism
Segregation
Assimilation
Multiculturalism (Pluralism)
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States
Cultural Diversity in the United States and Around the World: You Can Work for Us, But You Can't Live Near Us
European Americans
Latinos
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack: Exploring Cultural Privilege
African Americans
Thinking Critically: Reparations for Slavery: Justice or Foolishness?
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Stealth Racism in the Rental Market: What You
Reveal by Your Voice
Asian Americans
Native Americans
Looking Toward the Future
The Immigration Debate
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Glimpsing the Future: The Shifting U.S. Racial-Ethnic Mix
Affirmative Action
Toward a True Multicultural Society
Summary and Review
10 Inequalities of Gender and Age
Inequalities of Gender
Issues of Sex and Gender
Gender Differences in Behavior: Biology or Culture?
Through the Author's Lens: Gender and Work: Women at Work in India
Opening the Door to Biology
How Females Became a Minority Group
The Origins of Patriarchy
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Psst. You Wanna Buy a Bride? China in Transition
Gender Inequality in the United States
Fighting Back: The Rise of Feminism
Gender Inequality in Education
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Gender Gap in Math and Science: A National Debate
Gender Inequality in Health Care
Gender Inequality in the Workplace
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Cold-Hearted Surgeons and Their Women Victims
Sexual Harassment-And Worse
Gender and Violence
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Female Circumcision
The Changing Face of Politics
Glimpsing the Future-with Hope
Inequalities of Aging
Aging in Global Perspective
The Social Construction of Aging
Industrialization and the Graying of the Globe
The Graying of America
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Ageism: The Concept
Shifting Meanings of Growing Old
The Influence of the Mass Media
Mass Media in Social Life: Shaping Our Perceptions of the Elderly
The Functionalist Perspective
Disengagement Theory
Activity Theory
Continuity Theory
The Conflict Perspective
Social Security Legislation
Intergenerational Conflict
Looking Toward the Future
Thinking Critically: How Long Do You Want to Live? Approaching
Methuselah
Summary and Review
Part IV
Social Institutions
11 Politics and the Economy
Politics: Establishing Leadership
Power, Authority, and Violence
Authority and Legitimate Violence
Traditional Authority
Rational-Legal Authority
Charismatic Authority
The Transfer of Authority
Types of Government
Monarchies: The Rise of the State
Democracies: Citizenship as a Revolutionary Idea
Dictatorships and Oligarchies: The Seizure of Power
The U.S. Political System
Political Parties and Elections
Voting Patterns
Lobbyists and Special-Interest Groups
Who Rules the United States?
The Functionalist Perspective: Pluralism
The Conflict Perspective: The Power Elite
Which View Is Right?
War and Terrorism: Ways of Implementing Political Objectives
War
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Prisoner Abuse at Abu Ghraib: A Normal Event
Terrorism
The Economy: Work in the Global Village
The Transformation of Economic Systems
Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality
Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine
Postindustrial Societies: The Birth of the Information Age
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Is Big Brother Knocking on the Door? Civil Liberties and Homeland Security
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Your Author Is a Suspect!
Biotech Societies: The Merger of Biology and Economics
Implications for Your Life
Ominous Trends in the United States
Through the Author's Lens: Small TownUSA
World Economic Systems
Capitalism
Socialism
Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism
Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism
The Convergence of Capitalism and Socialism
Capitalism in a Global Economy
Corporate Capitalism
Multinational Corporations
A New World Order?
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Doing Business in the Global Village
Summary and Review
12 Marriage and Family
Marriage and Family in Global Perspective
What Is a Family?
Common Cultural Themes
Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspective
The Functionalist Perspective: Functions and Dysfunctions
The Conflict Perspective: Gender and Power
Thinking Critically: The Second Shift-Strains and Strategies
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Gender and Housework
The Family Life Cycle
Love and Courtship in Global Perspective
Cultural Diversity Around the World: East Is East and West Is West: Love and Arranged Marriage in India
Marriage
Childbirth and Child Rearing
Family Transitions in Later Life
Diversity in U.S. Families
African American Families
Latino Families
Asian American Families
Native American Families
Single-Parent Families
Families Without Children
Blended Families
Gay and Lesbian Families
Trends in U.S. Families
Postponing Marriage and Childbirth
Cohabitation
Unmarried Mothers
Down-to-Earth Sociology: You Want Us to Live Together? What Do You Mean By That?
Grandparents as Parents
The Sandwich Generation and Elder Care
Divorce and Remarriage
Problems in Measuring Divorce
Children of Divorce
Down-to-Earth Sociology: What Are Your Chances of Getting Divorced?
Grandchildren of Divorce
The Absent Father and Serial Fatherhood
The Ex-Spouses
Remarriage
Two Sides of Family Life
The Dark Side of Family Life: Battering, Child Abuse, and Incest
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Why Doesn't She Just Leave? The Dilemma of Abused Women
The Bright Side of Family Life: Successful Marriages
The Future of Marriage and Family
Summary and Review
13 Education and Religion
Education: Transferring Knowledge and Skills
Education in Global Perspective
Education and Industrialization
Education in the Most Industrialized Nations: Japan
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Community Colleges: Challenges Old and New
Education in the Industrializing Nations: Russia
Education in the Least Industrialized Nations: Egypt
The Functionalist Perspective: Providing Social Benefits
Teaching Knowledge and Skills
Cultural Transmission of Values
Social Integration
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Home Schooling: The Search for Quality and
Values
Gatekeeping
The Conflict Perspective: Perpetuating Social Inequality
The Hidden Curriculum
Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ
Stacking the Deck: Unequal Funding
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Fulfilling Teacher Expectations
The Rist Research
How Do Teacher Expectations Work?
Problems in U.S. Education-And Their Solutions
Problems: Mediocrity and Violence
Solutions: Safety and Standards
Thinking Critically: Breaking Through the Barriers: Restructuring the
Classroom
Religion: Establishing Meaning
What Is Religion?
The Functionalist Perspective
Functions of Religion
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Religion and Health: What We Know and Don't
Know
Dysfunctions of Religion
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Religious Symbols
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Terrorism and the Mind of God
Rituals and Beliefs
Religious Experience
The Conflict Perspective
Opium of the People
A Legitimation of Social Inequalities
Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism
Types of Religious Groups
Cult
Sect
Church
Ecclesia
Variations in Patterns
Religion in the United States
Characteristics of Members
Characteristics of Religious Groups
Secularization and the Splintering of U.S. Churches
The Future of Religion
Summary and Review
Part V
Social Change
14 Population and Urbanization
Population in Global Perspective
A Planet with No Space to Enjoy Life?
The New Malthusians
The Anti-Malthusians
Who Is Correct?
Why Are People Starving?
Population Growth
Down-to-Earth Sociology: How the Tsunami Can Help Us to Understand Population Growth
Why the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children
Implications of Different Rates of Growth
The Three Demographic Variables
Problems in Forecasting Population Growth
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Killing Little Girls: An Ancient and
Thriving Practice
Urbanization
The Development of Cities
Through the Author's Lens: A Walk Through El Tiro
The Process of Urbanization
U.S. Urban Patterns From Country to City
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Reclaiming Harlem: It Feeds My Soul
The Rural Rebound
Models of Urban Growth
City Life
Alienation and Community
Who Lives in the City?
Urban Sentiment: Finding a Familiar World
The Norm of Noninvolvement and the Diffusion of Responsibility
Urban Problems and Social Policy
Suburbanization
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Urban Fear and the Gated Fortress
Disinvestment and Deindustrialization
The Potential of Urban Revitalization
Summary and Review
15 Social Change: Technology, Social Movements, and the Environment
How Social Change Transforms Social Life
The Four Social Revolutions
From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft
Capitalism, Modernization, and Industrialization
Conflict, Power, and Global Politics
Theories and Processes of Social Change
Cultural Evolution
Natural Cycles
Conflict over Power
Ogburn's Theory
How Technology Changes Society
The Cutting Edge of Change: The Computer
Cyberspace and Social Inequality
Social Movements as a Source of Social Change
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Coming Star Wars
Types of Social Movements
Propaganda and the Mass Media
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Tricks of the Trade-Deception and Persuasion in Propaganda
The Stages of Social Movements
Thinking Critically: Which Side of the Barricades? Prochoice and Prolife as a Social Movement
The Growth Machine Versus the Earth
Environmental Problems in the Most Industrialized Nations
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Corporations and Big Welfare Bucks: How to Get Paid to Pollute
Environmental Problems in the Industrializing and Least Industrialized Nations
The Environmental Movement
Thinking Critically: Ecosabotage
Cultural Diversity Around the World: The Rain Forests: Lost Tribes, Lost Knowledge
Environmental Sociology
Summary and Review
Glossary
Suggested Readings
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Optional Online Chapters (Available on MySocLab)
The Sociology of Human Sexuality
Health and Medicine