Foreword R. May; 1. The value of biomonitors in bioremediation strategies against ecotoxicants J. M. Lynch and A. Wiseman; Part I. Ocotoxicology and Biomonitoring: 2. Our environmental future - the role of science J. Krebs; 3. Pollution and its ecotoxicological consequences J. H. Koeman; 4. Advances in biomonitoring sensitivity and reliability in PAH-contaminated soil A. Wetzel; 5. Microbial parameters for monitoring soil pollution C. E. Pankhurst, S. L. Rogers and V. V. S. R. Gupta; 6. Release of genetically-modified microorganisms and biomonitoring F. A. A. M. De Leij, M. J. Bailey, J. M. Whipps, I. P. Thompson, P. A. Bramwell and J. M. Lynch; 7. Biomonitoring in the aqueous environment: use of cytochromes P450 and other molecular biomarkers in fish and mussels D. R. Livingstone and P. S. Goldfarb; Part II. Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation: 8. Use of non-indigenous organisms for bioremediation - the promise and the concerns R. Colwell; 9. Bioremediation case studies R. M. Atlas; 10. Utilisation of biocatalysts in cellulose waste minimisation J. Woodward and B. R. Evans; 11. Sensors for nitrogen-removal monitoring in waste-water treatment K. Gernaey, H. Bogarert, P. Vanrolleghem, L. Van Vooren and W. Verstraete; 12. Nitrogen fertilizer and ecotoxicology: global distribution of environmental pollution caused by food production; H. Kawashima, K. Okamoto, M. J. Bazin and J. M. Lynch; Part III. Biosafety Regulations and Economics: 13. Risk perception attitudes and defence strategies associated with toxic substances: the case of lead contamination in Hungary Z. Fuzesi, L. Tistyan and A. Vari; 14. Risk economics, risk assessment and legislation: methodology B. Nordenstam; 15. Environmental biomonitoring - legal problems world-wide S. Battersby; 16. Bioremediation - an economic perspective S. Shohet; Part IV. Directional-Pointers to Future Environmental Problems: 17. Development of 'Fail-Safe Strategies' to combat biohazards from environmental xenobiotics A. Wiseman and J. M. Lynch; Index.