Part I. Cellular and Molecular Changes of Aged and Reactive Astrocytes Neuromorphological Changes in Neuronal and Neuroglial Populations of the Cerebral Cortex in the Aging Rat: Neurochemical Correlations Maria Angeles Peinado, Manuel Martinez, Maria Jesus Ramirez, Adoracion Quesada, Juan Angel Pedrosa, Concepcion Iribar, and Jose Maria Peinado Diversity in Reactive Astrocytes Sudarshan K. Malhotra and Theodor K. Shnitka Astrocytic Reaction After Traumatic Brain Injury Jesús Boya, J. L. Calvo, Angel López-Carbonell, and José E. García-Mauriño Part II. Neuron-Glia Intercommunication Astrocytes In Situ Exhibit Functional Neurotransmitter Receptors Marilee K. Shelton and Ken D. McCarthy Glia and Extracellular Space Diffusion Parameters in the Injured and Aging Brain Eva Syková Intercellular Diffusional Coupling between Glial Cells in Slices from the Striatum Brigitte Hamon, Jacques Glowinski, and Christian Giaume Glial Cell Involvement in Brain Repair and the Effects of Aging Elizabeth A. Howes and Peter J. S. Smith ATP Signaling in Schwann Cells Thierry Amédée, Aurore Colomar, and Jonathan A. Coles Part III. Neurotrophins, Growth Factors, and Neurohormones in Aging and Regeneration Gliosis Growth Factors in the Adult and Aging Rat Brain Gérard Labourdette and Françoise Eclancher Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 in Astrogliosis John F. Reilly Trophins as Mediators of Astrocyte Effects in the Aging and Regenerating Brain Judith Lackland and Cheryl F. Dreyfus Responses in the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System to Aging Zezong Gu and J. Regino Perez-Polo Effects of Estrogens and Thyroid Hormone on Development and Aging of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes Kevin Higashigawa, Alisa Seo, Nayan Sheth, Giorgios Tsianos, Hogan Shy, LathaMalaiyandi, and Paola S. Timiras Part IV. Metabolic Changes Neurotoxic Injury and Astrocytes Michael Aschner and Richard M. LoPachin Ammonium Ion Transport in Astrocytes: Functional Implications Neville Brookes Part V. Astrocytes and the Blood-Brain Barrier in Aging Molecular Anatomy of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Development and Aging Dorothee Krause, Pedro M. Faustmann, and Rolf Dermietzel The Blood-Brain Barrier in the Aging Brain Gesa Rascher and Hartwig Wolburg Astrocytes and Barrier-provided Microvasculature in the Developing Brain Luisa Roncali Part VI. Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases Microglial and Astrocytic Reactions in Alzheimer's Disease Douglas G. Walker and Thomas G. Beach Activated Neuroglia in Alzheimer's Disease Kurt R. Brunden and Robert C. A. Frederickson Reactive Astroglia in the Ataxic Form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Cytology and Organization in the Cerebellar Cortex Miguel Lafarga, Nuria T. Villagra, and Maria T. Berciano Ischemic Injury, Astrocytes, and the Aging Brain Robert Fern Glial-Neuronal Interactions during Oxidative Stress: Implications for Parkinson's Disease Catherine Mytilineou Astrocytic Changes Associated with Epileptic Seizures Angélique Bordey and Harald Sontheimer Synaptic and Neuroglial Pathobiology in Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders Lee J. Martin Astrocytes and Ammonia in Hepatic Encephalopathy Michael D. Norenberg