Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Part I
Chapter 1 Background Information for Part I 3
Scope 3
Laboratory Safety 4
Terminology 5
Standardization 6
Evaluation of Test Methods 8
Precision and Bias Statements 9
Laboratory Accreditation 11
Profi ciency Testing 12
Technician Certifi cation 12
Unit Convention 12
Signifi cant Digits 13
Test Specifi cation 14
Sampling 15
Processing Bulk Material 17
Test Documentation 19
Spreadsheets 20
Reporting Test Results 20
Typical Values 21
Further Reading and Other References 21
References 22
Chapter 2 Phase Relationships 24
Scope and Summary 24
Typical Materials 25
Background 25
Typical Values 33
Calibration 33
Specimen Preparation 35
Procedure 35
Precision 37
Detecting Problems with Results 38
Reference Procedures 38
References 38
Chapter 3 Specific Gravity 39
Scope and Summary 39
Typical Materials 39
Background 39
Typical Values 44
Calibration 45
Specimen Preparation 45
Procedure 45
Precision 50
Detecting Problems with Results 51
Reference Procedures 51
References 51
Chapter 4 Maximum Density Minimum Density 52
Scope and Summary 52
Typical Materials 52
Background 52
Typical Values 55
Calibration 55
Specimen Preparation 57
Procedure 57
Precision 58
Detecting Problems with Results 58
Reference Procedures 59
References 59
Chapter 5 Calcite Equivalent 60
Scope and Summary 60
Typical Materials 60
Background 60
Typical Values 62
Calibration 63
Specimen Preparation 65
Procedure 65
Precision 66
Detecting Problems with Results 66
Reference Procedures 66
References 66
Chapter 6 pH and Salinity 68
Scope and Summary 68
Typical Materials 68
Background 68
Typical Values 74
Calibration 75
Specimen Preparation 76
Procedure 76
Precision 78
Detecting Problems with Results 78
Reference Procedures 79
References 79
Chapter 7 Organic Content 80
Scope and Summary 80
Typical Materials 80
Background 80
Typical Values 82
Calibration 82
Specimen Preparation 82
Procedure 82
Precision 83
Detecting Problems with Results 83
Reference Procedures 83
References 83
Chapter 8 Grain Size Analysis 84
Scope and Summary 84
Typical Materials 84
Background 84
Typical Values 107
Calibration 109
Specimen Preparation 111
Procedure 112
Precision 115
Detecting Problems with Results 116
Reference Procedures 116
References 116
Chapter 9 Atterberg Limits 117
Scope and Summary 117
Typical Materials 117
Background 117
Typical Values 130
Calibration 132
Specimen Preparation 134
Procedure 135
Precision 137
Detecting Problems with Results 138
Reference Procedures 138
References 138
Chapter 10 Soil Classification and Description 140
Scope and Summary 140
Typical Materials 140
Background 141
Calibration 156
Specimen Preparation 157
Procedure 157
Precision 160
Detecting Problems with Results 160
Reference Procedures 160
References 160
Part II
Chapter 11 Background Information for Part II 163
Scope and Summary 163
Intact Sampling 164
Processing Intact Samples 169
Reconstituting Samples 184
Transducers 189
Data Collection and Processing 203
References 209
Chapter 12 Compaction Test Using Standard Effort 210
Scope and Summary 210
Typical Materials 210
Background 211
Typical Values 219
Calibration 220
Specimen Preparation 220
Procedure 220
Precision 221
Detecting Problems with Results 222
Reference Procedures 222
References 222
Chapter 13 Hydraulic Conductivity: Cohesionless Materials 223
Scope and Summary 223
Typical Materials 223
Background 223
Typical Values 233
Calibration 234
Specimen Preparation 235
Procedure 235
Precision 237
Detecting Problems with Results 238
Reference Procedures 238
References 238
Chapter 14 Direct Shear 239
Scope and Summary 239
Typical Materials 239
Background 240
Typical Values 248
Calibration 248
Specimen Preparation 250
Procedure 251
Precision 254
Detecting Problems with Results 254
Reference Procedures 255
References 255
Chapter 15 Strength Index of Cohesive Materials 256
Scope and Summary 256
Typical Materials 256
Background 256
Typical Values 264
Calibration 264
Specimen Preparation 266
Procedure 267
Precision 272
Detecting Problems with Results 272
Reference Procedures 273
References 273
Chapter 16 Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression 275
Scope and Summary 275
Typical Materials 276
Background 276
Typical Values 286
Calibration 286
Specimen Preparation 289
Procedure 289
Precision 292
Detecting Problems with Results 292
Reference Procedures 293
References 293
Chapter 17 Incremental Consolidation By Oedometer 294
Scope and Summary 294
Typical Materials 294
Background 294
Typical Values 324
Calibration 324
Specimen Preparation 325
Procedure 326
Precision 331
Detecting Problems with Results 331
Reference Procedures 332
References 332
Appendices
Appendix A Constants And Unit Conversions 334
Appendix B Physical Properties Of Pure Water 338
Appendix c Calculation Adjustments For Salt 340
Index 345