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When two or more versions of a narrative or parts of a narrative are included and they have been numbered separately, there are multiple listings under the same name. Some of these narratives are earlier versions of narratives in the Rare Book Room collection in the Library of Congress (published in volumes 4 and 5 of George P. Rawick, The American Slave: A Collective Autobiography [Greenwood Press, 1972]). An asterisk to the left of a name indicates that there is another version in the RBR collection. General Introduction xxiii Texas Introduction xxvii Frank L. Adams 1 S. B. Adams 5 S. B. Adams 8 * Will Adams 10 * William Adams 16 Jacob Aldrich 23 Gus Alexander 34 J. C. Alexander 38 * Sarah Allen 44 * Andy J. Anderson 48 Frank Anderson 57 Nancy Antwine 60 Manuel Armstrong 63 * Mary Armstrong 66 Nora Armstrong 75 Wash Armstrong 77 * Stearlin Arnwine 80 * Sarah Ashley 87 Lizzie Atkins 92 George Austin 104 Hattie Austin 118 Lou Austin 121 Smith Austin 133 * Agatha Babino 138 Henry Baker 143 James Barber 150 Delia Barclay 153 Jim Barclay 159 * John Barker 164 * Joe Barnes 174 Lucy Barnes 178 Amelia Barnett 181 Darcus Barnett 187 Jake Barrens 193 * Armstead Barrett 196 * Harriet Barrett 199 Elvira Basard 205 Henderson Bates 207 * John Bates 212 Abe Bean 220 * Harrison Beckett 224 * Frank Bell 237 * Virginia Bell 244 * Minerva Bendy 249 * Sarah Benjamin 254 Kate Betters 261 * Ellen Betts 265 * Charlotte Beverly 281 Della Mun Bibles 289 The Bibles Negroes 296 * Francis Black 299 Willie Blackwell 303 Willie Blackwell 307 * Olivier Blanchard 324 Quintin Boldin 330 * Elvira Boles 336 * Betty Bormer 340 Charley Bowen 346 * Harrison Boyd 351 * Isabella Boyd 355 * James Boyd 362 * Jerry Boykins 371 * Monroe Brackins 375 * Gus Bradshaw 391 * Wes Brady 397 * Jacob Branch 405 Minerva Bratcher 420 Amanda Eilers Brice 422 * Clara Brim 428 Ned Broadus 434 Ned Broaddhus 438 Henry Broaddus 441 Winger Vanhook and Henry Broaddus 445 * Sylvester Brooks 448 * Donaville Broussard 454 * Fannie Brown 460 * Fred Brown 464 Hattie Jane Brown 471 Hattie Jane Brown 472 * James Brown 474 * Josie Brown 481 Rosella Brown 485 Steve Brown 489 * Zek Brown 497 * Madison Bruin 503 Vinnie Brunson 512 * Martha Spence Bunton 519 James Burleson 527 Phoebe Jane Burrell 531 Wesley Burrell 534 Sam Bush 539 * Ellen Butler 545 * Henry H. Buttler 551 Dave L. Byrd 560 * William Byrd 573 * Louis Cain 584 Louis Cain 585 * Jeff Calhoun 600 * Simp Campbell 612 * Jim Cape 618 James Cape 620 * Richard Carruthers 626 * Cato Carter 639 Allen Carthan 653 Allen Carthen 657 * Jack Cauthern 666 Ben Chambers 669 Lucy Chambers 677 * Sally Banks Chambers 681 Clara Chappel 686 Clara Chappel 690 Harriet Chesley 692 Henry Childers 695 * Jeptha Choice 705 Jeptha Choice 714 Anthony Christopher 718 Anthony Christopher 721 * Amos Clark 725 * Anne Clark 733 Abraham Coker 737 Alice Cole 746 Harrison Cole 765 Hattie Cole 775 * Thomas Cole 783 Betty Coleman 837 * Eli Coleman 843 * Preely Coleman 856 William Coleman 863 Bill Collins 880 *Harriet Collins 883 *Andrew Columbus 897 Jake Compton 902 Josephine Tippit Compton 908 *Steve Connally 914 Charlie Cooper 919 Lucius Cooper 928 *Valmar Cormier and Mary Moses 933 *Laura Cornish 937 Jane Cotton 944 Elijah Cox 950 Elijah Cox 952 Sue Craft 955 *John Crawford 962 John Crawford 989 John Crawford 997 *Green Cumby 1002 *Tempie Cummins 1006 Kate Curry 1013 *Julia Frances Daniels 1020 Parilee Daniels 1028 Parilee Daniels 1045 *Katie Darling 1047 *Carey Davenport 1052 Alice Moore Davidson 1059 *Campbell Davis 1063 Mary Davis 1069 Nelson Davis 1075 Tob Davis 1079 *William Davis 1087 *Eli Davison 1096 *Elige Davison 1109 Mollie Dawson 1119 Annie Day 1160 *J. H. Day 1163 *Nelson Taylor Densen 1168 Nelson Taylor Densen 1182 Jake Desso 1193 Bud Dixon 1201 Mary Dodson 1207 Amy Domino 1214 Ed Domino 1218 Mary Donatto 1221 Steve Douglas 1225 Fannie McCullough Driver 1230 *Victor Duhon 1238 Tillie Duke 1242 George Earle 1244 *Willis Easter 1250 *Anderson and Minerva Edwards 1259 Anderson Edwards (supplement) 1267 *Ann J. Edwards 1269 *Mary Kincheon Edwards 1278 Mary Edwards 1282 *Lucinda Elder 1285 Tempe Elgin 1292 Amy Else 1299 Louis Evans 1306 *Lorenza Ezell 1317 *Betty Farrow 1330 Archie Fennels 1334 Alphonse Fields 1338 *John Finnely 1341 Jennie Fitts 1351 Ellen Nora Ford 1354 *Sarah Ford 1358 Sam Forge 1370 Susan Forrest 1377 *Millie Forward 1381 *Louis Fowler 1386 Mat Fowler 1396 Mat Fowler 1400 *Chris Franklin 1402 Jim Franklin 1415 Robert Franklin 1418 *Orelia Alexie Franks 1422 *Rosanna Frazier 1427 Henry Freeman 1432 Sarah Fuller 1437 Mary Gaffney 1441 Mary Gaffney 1442 Hattie Gates 1458 Mary Anne Gibson 1467 *Priscilla Gibson 1473 *Gabriel Gilbert 1477 *Mattie Gilmore 1483 George Glasker 1500 Scot Glen 1509 Mary Glover 1513 *Andrew Goodman 1522 Ellen Goodman 1530 *Austin Grant 1532 Dennis Grant 1546 Lizzie Grant 1553 Lizzie Grant 1554 Catharine Green 1571 *James Green 1577 Marie Aurelia Green 1584 *Rosa Green 1587 Rosa Green 1590 *William Green 1594 *Pauline Grice 1599 Lucendy Griffen 1607 James Grumbles 1614 Josh Hadnot 1621 *Mandy Hadnot 1626 Maria Hadnot 1631 Jeff Hamilton 1633 *William Hamilton 1636 *Pierce Harper 1642 Jack Harrison 1652 *Molly Harrell 1658 Alice Harwell 1665 Sarah Hatley 1675 *James Hayes 1682 *Felix Haywood 1688 Albert Henderson 1696 *Phoebe Henderson 1702 Robert Henry 1706 *Albert Hill 1713 Nellie Hill 1725 *Rosina Hoard 1730 Lee Hobby 1739 Nelson Hogan 1755 Benjamin and Margaret Holland 1758 *Tom Holland 1760 *Eliza Holman 1770 *Larnce Holt 1779 *Bill Homer 1783 Mary Homer 1790 *Scott Hooper 1797 Carolina Houston 1803 *Josephine Howard 1806 *Lizzie Hughes 1812 Alex Humphrey 1821 Anna Humphrey 1825 *Mose Hursey 1832 *Charley Hurt 1837 Mary Ingram 1847 *Wash Ingram 1852 Bettie White Irby 1856 William Irving 1864 Alex Jackson 1876 *Carter J. Jackson 1883 Ed Jackson 1888 Gus Jackson 1891 *James Jackson 1895 *Maggie Jackson 1900 *Martin Jackson 1902 *Nancy Jackson 1910 *Richard Jackson 1915 *John James 1919 Joseph James 1927 Hannah Jameson 1933 Lydia Jefferson 1939 Zeno John 1948 *Thomas Johns 1952 Thomas Johns 1965 *Mrs. Thomas Johns 1973 Charley Johnson 1977 *Gus Johnson 1988 *Harry Johnson 1994 Henry Johnson 2005 Jim Johnson 2014 Liza Johnson 2019 *Mary Johnson 2021 *Mary Ellen Johnson 2031 *Pauline Johnson and Felice Boudreaux 2035 Richard Johnson 2043 Sallie Johnson 2046 *Spence Johnson 2051 Steve Johnson 2055 Anderson Jones 2064 Bud Jones 2077 Bud Jones 2088 Green Jones 2093 *Harriet Jones 2095 *Lewis Jones 2108 *Liza Jones 2115 *Lizzie Jones 2123 Lottie Jones 2127 Martha Jones 2130 Steve Jones 2135 *Taby Jones 2143 Dempsey Jordan 2155 Dempsey Jordan 2156 *Pinkie Kelley 2167 Ellen Kelly 2171 Calvin Kennard 2178 *Sam Kilgore 2181 Richard Kimmons 2193 *Mary Kindred 2199 J. W. King 2211 *Nancy King 2219 *Silvia King 2224 Mollie Kirkland 2240 Alex Lacy 2250 Anthony W. Lacy 2253 Ann Ladly 2256 Janey Landrum 2263 Anna Lee 2272 Anna Lee 2273 Lu Lee 2291 Lu Lee 2308 Sarah Lee 2313 Walter Leggett 2319 *Cinto Lewis 2325 *Hagar Lewis 2330 *Henry Lewis 2336 Lavinia Lewis 2349 *Lucy Lewis 2361 *Amos Lincoln 2369 Felix L. Lindsey 2373 Felix Lindsey 2376 Felix Lindsey 2379 Felix L. Lindsey 2381 *Annie Little 2387 *Abe Livingston 2399 Sue Lockridge 2403 Will Long 2407 *John Love 2416 John Love 2431 *Louis Love 2444 Andy McAdams 2451 John McAdams 2460 John McAdams 2461 Bill McCray 2478 *John McCoy 2481 John McDonald 2485 William M. McDonald 2487 Curley McGade 2489 Lee McGillery 2492 Rosie McGillery 2499 *Nap McQueen 2506 *C. B. McRay 2515 Jack and Rosa Maddox 2521 Jack and Rosa Maddox 2543 John Majors 2551 *Julia Malone 2560 Melea Malone 2566 Millie Manuel 2568 Ella Maples 2572 *Adline Marshall 2576 Eva Martin 2581 *James Martin 2589 Sam Meredith Mason 2595 *Louise Mathews 2602 *William Mathews 2610 Maggie Whitehead Matthews 2621 Lucy C. F. Mauchison 2627 *Hiram Mayes 2634 *Susan Merritt 2639 Ann Mickey 2646 Cassie Middleton 2650 *Josh Miles 2654 Josh Miles 2668 *Anna Miller 2681 *Mintie Maria Miller 2687 Harriett Millett 2694 *La San Mire 2702 *Charley Mitchell 2710 Charley Mitchell 2714 *Peter Mitchell 2717 *Andrew Moody 2721 Tildy Moody 2726 *A. M. Mount Moore 2729 *John Moore 2736 Laura Moore 2743 *Van Moore 2748 Vina Moore 2754 *William Moore 2764 *Mandy Morrow 2774 *Patsy Moses 2780 John Mosley 2795 John Mosley 2796 Leo Mouton 2810 Calvin Moye 2816 Calvin Moye 2818 Hannah Mullins 2874 Florence Napier 2880 Sally Neely 2884 Sally Neely 2885 Louise Neill 2890 *Andy Nelson 2892 Bell Nelson 2897 Ida Nelson 2900 *Virginia Newman 2902 George Newton 2909 Pierce Nichols 2911 Mary Nickerson *Margrett Nillin Fannie Norman Isom Norris Annie Norton Isaiah Norwood Aaron Nunn Julia Grimes Jones Ocklbary Charley Odom *John Ogee Joe Oliver *Annie Osborne *Horace Overstreet *Mary Overton Henry Owens Jim Parker Will Parker *Mary Anne Patterson William Paxton Jessie Pauls *Ellen Payne Jack Payne *Henderson Perkins Lu Perkins Lu Perkins Sarah Perkins John Perrier Katie Phoenix Lee Pickett *Lee Pierce Louvinia Young Pleasant James Polk Melinda Pollard Rosa L. Pollard Rosa L. Pollard Ophelia Porter *Betty Powers *Tillie R. Powers *Allen Price *John Price *Lafayette Price Lafayette Price *Henry Probasco Robert Prout *A. C. Pruitt Andrew Pullen *Harre Quarls Mary Rahls *Eda Rains Ella Belle Ramsey *Millie Randall Daniel Ransom Joe Rawls Aaron Ray Laura Ray *Laura Redmoun *Elsie Reece Kitty Reese *Mary Reynolds Will Rhymes George Washington Rice Henry J. Richardson *Walter Rimm George Rivers Steve Robertson Fannie Robinson J. A. Robinson *Mariah Robinson Ellen Rogers Ransom Rosborough *Susan Ross *Annie Row *Gill Ruffin *Florence Ruffins *Aaron Russel *Peter Ryas *Josephine Ryles 3403 Felix Grundy Sadler 3407 *Mazique Sanco 3436 Charlie Sandles 3440 Charlie Sandles 3441 *Clarissa Scales 3457 Dorsey Scott 3465 *Hannah Scott 3472 Tom Scott 3479 Mary Scranton 3481 *Abram Sells 3484 George Sells 3493 *George Selman 3498 Will Shelby 3503 *Callie Shepherd 3506 Polly Shine 3510 Polly Shine 3511 Marshall Showers 3528 *Betty Simmons 3533 *George Simmons 3544 *Ben Simpson 3549 Burke Simpson 3556 Emma Simpson 3567 Ike Simpson 3573 Amos Sims 3580 Green Sims 3584 Ellen Sinclair 3592 Lou Skelton 3595 *Giles Smith 3601 Henry Smith 3610 Henry Hence Smith 3624 *James W. Smith 3630 *Jordon Smith 3637 Louis Smith 3646 Lucinda Smith 3648 *Millie Ann Smith 3650 Robert Franklin Smith 3656 Samuel Smith 3659 *Susan Smith 3663 Tucker Smith 3671 Tucker Smith 3672 William Smith 3689 *John Sneed 3697 *Mariah Snyder 3707 *Patsy Southwell 3714 *Leithean Spinks 3718 Fayette Stephens 3728 *Guy Stewart 3731 *William Stone 3736 *Yach Stringfellow 3748 *Bert Strong 3755 *Emma Taylor 3761 *Mollie Taylor 3768 *Jake Terriell 3772 *Allen Thomas 3777 *Bill and Ellen Thomas 3781 Bill and Ellen Thomas 3794 *Lucy Thomas 3800 Nancy Thomas 3806 *Philles Thomas 3812 Rebecca Thomas 3819 Rose Thomas 3824 Valmo Thomas 3826 Valmo Thomas 3832 *William M. Thomas 3835 John Thompson 3844 Maria Tilden Thompson 3855 *Mary Thompson 3860 Moslie Thompson 3865 *Penny Thompson 3870 Fannie Tippin 3878 *Albert Todd 3882 Charlie Trotty 3886 *Reeves Tucker 3891 *Lou Turner 3896 Winger Van Hook 3901 Winger Van Hook 3905 Adeline Waldon 3913 Bean Walker 3921 Fannie Moore Walker 3924 *Irella Battle Walker 3931 D. W. Wallace 3938 Caroline Walker Walton 3941 *John Walton 3946 *Sol and Liza Walton 3952 Annie Whitley Ware 3958 *Ella Washington 3968 *Rosa Washington 3977 Rosa Washington 3983 *Sam Jones Washington 3984 *Dianah Watson 3992 *Emma Watson 3998 Charlie Webb 4003 Emma Weeks 4006 J. T. Welch 4015 *James West 4017 *Adeline White 4024 Clara White 4029 Jack White 4033 *Sylvester Sostan Wickliffe 4037 Alice Wilkins 4046 Allen Williams 4057 Andy Williams 4065 *Daphne Williams 4077 *Horatio W. Williams 4087 Julia Williams 4090 Lewis Williams 4093 *Lou Williams 4096 Mattie Williams 4102 *Millie Williams 4109 *Rose Williams 4117 Rose Williams 4124 Soul Williams 4131 Stephen Williams 4135 *Wayman Williams 4142 *Willie Williams 4154 Sampson Willis 4161 Emma Countee Wilson 4168 Jake Wilson 4172 Julius Wilson 4182 *Lulu Wilson 4191 Mary A. Wilson 4199 President Wilson 4205 Robert Wilson 4207 Sarah Wilson 4216 Sarah Wilson 4221 Smith Wilson 4226 *Wash Wilson 4236 *Willis Winn 4249 Sarah Winston 4258 *Rube Witt 4260 Ruth Wood 4265 *Ruben Woods 4272 *Willis Woodsen 4277 *Caroline Wright 4281 *Sallie Wroe 4287 *Fannie Yarbrough 4292 Virginia Yarbrough 4294 *Litt Young 4300 *Louis Young 4307 Mary Young 4314 *Teshan Young 4316 Tobe Zollicoffer 4322 Appendix (eight interviews with white informants) 4327 Betty Elizabeth Brooks Bale 4327 Sarah L. Johnson Berliner 4330 W. E. Hobbs 4342 Duncan McKeever 4349 O. A. Marsh 4353 W. S. Needham, Jr. 4359 Jack Riley 4371 Uncle Dave 4374