1. Thinking and Reasoning: A Reader's Guide ; Keith J. Holyoak and Robert G. Morrison ; Part One: General Approaches to Thinking and Reasoning ; 2. Normative Systems: Logic, Probability, and Rational Choice ; Nick Chater and Mike Oaksford ; 3. Bayesian Inference ; Tom Griffiths, Josh Tenenbaum, and Charles Kemp ; 4. Knowledge Representation ; Arthur B. Markman ; 5. Computational Modeling of Higher Cognition ; Leonidas A. A. Doumas and John E. Hummel ; 6. Neurocognitive Methods in Higher Cognition ; Robert G. Morrison and Barbara Knowlton ; 7. Mental Function as Genetic Expression: Emerging Insights from Cognitive Neurogenetics ; Adam E. Green and Kevin N. Dunbar ; Part Two: Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive Reasoning ; 8. Dual-process Theories of Reasoning: Facts and Fallacies ; Jonathan St. B. T. Evans ; 9. Inference in Mental Models ; P. N. Johnson-Laird ; 10. Similarity ; Robert L. Goldstone and Ji Yun Son ; 11. Concepts and Categories: Memory, Meaning, and Metaphysics ; Lance J. Rips, Edward E. Smith, and Douglas L. Medin ; 12. Causal Learning and Inference ; Marc Buehner and Patricia W. Cheng ; 13. Analogy and Relational Reasoning ; Keith J. Holyoak ; 14. Explanation and Abductive Inference ; Tania Lombrozo ; 15. Rational Argument ; Ulrike Hahn and Mike Oaksford ; Part Three: Judgment and Decision Making ; 16. Decision Making ; Robyn A. LeBoeuf and Eldar Shafir ; 17. Judgment Heuristics ; Dale Griffin ; 18. Cognitive Hierarchies and Emotions in Behavioral Game Theory ; Colin Camerer and Alec Smith ; 19. Moral Judgment ; Michael Waldmann, Jonas Nagel, and Alex Wiegmann ; 20. Motivated Thinking ; Daniel C. Molden and E. Tory Higgins ; Part Four: Problem Solving, Intelligence, and Creative Thinking ; 21. Problem Solving ; Miriam Bassok and Laura R. Novick ; 22. On the Distinction between Rationality and Intelligence: Implications for Understanding Individual Differences in Reasoning ; Keith E. Stanovich ; 23. Cognition and the Creation of Ideas ; Steve M. Smith and Tom B. Ward ; 24. Insight ; J. Jason van Steenburgh, Jessica I. Fleck, Mark Beeman, and John Kounios ; 25. Genius ; Dean Keith Simonton ; Part Five: Ontogeny, Phylogeny, Language, and Culture ; 26. Development of Thinking in Children ; Susan A. Gelman and Brandy N. Frazier ; 27. The Human Enigma ; Derek Penn and Dan Povinelli ; 28. Language and Thought ; Lila Gleitman and Anna Papafragou ; 29. Thinking in Society and Culture ; Tage Rai ; Part Six: Modes of Thinking ; 30. Development of Quantitative Thinking ; John Opfer and Robert Siegler ; 31. Visuospatial Thinking ; Mary Hegarty and Andrew T. Stull ; 32. Gesture in Thought ; Susan Goldin-Meadow and Susan Wagner Cook ; 33. Impact of Aging on Thinking ; Shannon McGillivray, Michael C. Friedman, and Alan D. Castel ; 34. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia ; Peter Bachman and Tyrone D. Cannon ; Part Seven: Thinking in Practice ; 35. Scientific Thinking and Reasoning ; Kevin N. Dunbar and David Klahr ; 36. Legal Reasoning ; Barbara A. Spellman and Fred Schauer ; 37. Medical Reasoning and Thinking ; Vimla L. Patel, Jose F. Arocha, and Jiajie Zhang ; 38. Thinking in Business ; Jeffrey Lowenstein ; 39. Musical Thought ; William Forde Thompson and Paolo Ammirante ; 40. Learning to Think: Cognitive Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer ; Ken Koedinger and Ido Roll