1 Approach to Medicine, the Patient and the Medical Profession: Medicine as a Learned and Humane Profession 2 Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine 3 Care of Dying Patients and Their Families 4 Cultural Context of Medicine 5 Socioeconomic Issues in Medicine 6 Approach to the Patient: History and Physical Examination 7 Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs 8 Statistical Interpretation of Data 9 Using Data for Clinical Decisions 10 Principles of Outcome Assessment 11 Patient Safety and Quality of Care 12 Principles of Preventive Health Care 13 The Periodic Health Examination 14 Physical Activity 15 Violence and Injury 16 Immunization 17 Principles of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 18 Radiation Injury 19 Bioterrorism 20 Chronic Poisoning: Trace Metals and Others 21 Epidemiology of Aging: Implications of the Aging of Society 22 Biology of Aging 23 Common Clinical Sequelae of Aging 24 Urinary Incontinence 25 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Aging 26 Delirium and Other Mental Status Problems in the Older Patient 27 Principles of Drug Therapy 28 Pain 29 Biology of Addiction 30 Tobacco 31 Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 32 Drug Abuse and Dependence 33 Immunosuppressing Drugs Including Glucocorticoids 34 Prostaglandins, Aspirin, and Related Compounds 35 Antithrombotic Therapy 36 Complementary and Alternative Medicine 37 Principles of Genetics: Overview of the Paradigm of Genetic Contribution to Health and Disease 38 Genetic Risk Assessment 39 Single Gene and Chromosomal Disorders 40 The Inherited Basis of Common Diseases 41 Gene and Cell Therapy 42 The Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems 43 The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Disease Susceptibility 44 Mechanisms of Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury 45 Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair 46 Transplant Immunology 47 Complement in Health and Disease 48 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease 49 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease 50 Cardiac Function and Circulatory Control 51 Radiology of the Heart 52 Electrocardiography 53 Echocardiography 54 Nuclear Cardiology and Computed Tomography 55 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging 56 Catheterization and Angiography 57 Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis 58 Heart Failure: Management and Prognosis 59 Diseases of the Endocardium and Myocardium 60 Principles of Electrophysiology 61 Approach to the Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia 62 Approach to Cardiac Arrest and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias 63 Cardiac Arrhythmias with Supraventricular Origin 64 Ventricular Arrhythmias and Approach to the Survivor of Cardiac Arrest 65 Electrophysiologic Interventional Procedures and Surgery 66 Arterial Hypertension 67 Pulmonary Hypertension 68 Congenital Heart Disease in Adults 69 Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 70 Angina Pectoris 71 Acute Coronary Syndrome: Unstable Angina and Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 72 ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction 73 Percutaneous Coronary Interventions 74 Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease 75 Valvular Heart Disease 76 Infective Endocarditis 77 Pericardial Disease 78 Diseases of the Aorta 79 Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease 80 Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases 81 Peripheral Venous Disease 82 Cardiac Transplantation 83 Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease 84 Imaging in Pulmonary Disease 85 Respiratory Structure and Function 86 Disorders of Ventilatory Control 87 Asthma 88 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 89 Cystic Fibrosis 90 Bronchiectasis and Localized Airway/Parenchymal Disorders 91 Alveolar Filling Disorders 92 Interstitial Lung Disease 93 Occupational Pulmonary Disorders 94 Physical, Chemical, and Aspiration Injuries of the Lung 95 Sarcoidosis 96 Acute Bronchitis and Tracheitis 97 Approach to the Patient with Pneumonia 98 Lung Abscess 99 Pulmonary Embolism 100 Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum 101 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndromes 102 Surgical Approach to Lung Disease 103 Approach to the Patient in a Critical Care Setting 104 Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care 105 Acute Respiratory Failure 106 Ventilator Management in the Intensive Care Unit 107 Approach to the Patient with Shock 108 Cardiogenic Shock 109 Shock Syndromes Related to Sepsis 110 Disorders Due to Heat and Cold 111 Acute Poisoning 112 Electric Injury 113 Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burn Care 114 Rhabdomyolysis 115 Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease 116 Structure and Function of the Kidneys 117 Total Body Fluids 118 Potassium Balance Disorders 119 Acid-Base Disorders 120 Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus 121 Acute Renal Failure 122 Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes 123 Tubulointerstitial Diseases 124 Obstructive Uropathy 125 Diabetes and the Kidney 126 Vascular Disorders of the Kidney 127 Renal Calculi (Nephrolithiasis) 128 Cystic Diseases of the Kidney 129 Hereditary Nephropathies and Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract 130 Benign Prostate Disease and Prostatitis 131 Chronic Renal Failure 132 Renal Osteodystrophy 133 Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure 134 Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease 135 Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Gastroenterology 136 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 137 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding 138 Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility 139 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Irritable Bowel, Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia, and Noncardiac Chest Pain 140 Diseases of the Esophagus 141 Pathophysiology of Acid Peptic Disease 142 Diagnosis and Treatment of Acid Peptic Disease 143 Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption Syndromes 144 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 145 Appendicitis, Diverticulitis, and Inflammatory Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Omentum 146 Vascular Diseases of the Intestine 147 Pancreatitis 148 Diseases of the Rectum and Anus 149 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease 150 Approach to the Jaundiced Patient and or Abnormal Liver Tests 151 Acute Viral Hepatitis 152 Chronic Hepatitis 153 Toxin and Drug-Induced Liver Disease 154 Inherited, Infiltrative, and Metabolic Disorders Involving the Liver 155 Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, and Granulomatous Liver Diseases 156 Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis 157 Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae 158 Hepatic Failure and Liver Transplantation 159 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts 160 Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors 161 The Peripheral Blood Smear 162 Approach to the Anemias 163 Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias 164 Autoimmune and Intravascular Hemolytic Anemias 165 Hemolytic Anemias: Red Cell Membrane and Metabolic Defects 166 The Thalassemias 167 Sickle Cell Anemia and Associated Hemoglobinopathies 168 Hemoglobinopathies: Methemoglobinemias, Polycythemias, and Unstable Hemoglobins 169 Nonhemolytic Normochromic, Normocytic Anemias 170 Megaloblastic Anemias 171 Aplastic Anemia and Related Disorders 172 Polycythemias and Unstable Hemoglobins 173 Leukopenia and Leukocytosis 174 Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly 175 Disorders of Phagocyte Function 176 Eosinophilic Syndromes 177 Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: Essential Thrombocythemia and Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia 178 Approach to the Patient with Bleeding and Thrombosis 179 Hemorrhagic Disorders: Abnormalities of Platelet and Vascular Function 180 Hemorrhagic Disorders: Coagulation Factor Deficiencies 181 Hemorrhagic Disorders: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Liver Disease, and Vitamin K Deficiency 182 Thrombotic Disorders and Hypercoagulable States 183 Transfusion Medicine 184 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 185 Epidemiology of Cancer 186 Genetics of Cancer 187 Biology of Cancer 188 Endocrine Manifestations of Tumors: Ectopic Hormone Production 189 Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Other Non-neoplastic Effects of Cancer 190 Tumor Markers 191 Cancer Prevention 192 Principles of Cancer Therapy 193 Myelodysplastic Syndrome 194 The Acute Leukemias 195 The Chronic Leukemias 196 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas 197 Hodgkin's Disease 198 Plasma Cell Disorders 199 Tumors of the Central Nervous System and Intracranial Hypertension and Hypotension 200 Head and Neck Cancer 201 Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms 202 Neoplasms of the Esophagus and Stomach 203 Neoplasms of the Large and Small Intestine 204 Carcinoma of the Pancreas 205 Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors 206 Liver and Biliary Tract Tumors 207 Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis 208 Breast Cancer and Differential Diagnosis of Benign Nodules 209 Gynecologic Cancers 210 Testicular Cancer 211 Prostate Cancer 212 Bone Sarcomas 213 Soft Tissue Sarcoma 214 Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers 215 Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin 216 Approach to the Patient with Inborn Errors of Metabolism 217 Disorders of Lipid Metabolism 218 Galactosemia 219 Glycogen Storage Diseases 220 Fructose Intolerance 221 Primary Hyperoxaluria 222 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism 223 Lysosomal Storage Diseases 224 Disorders of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism 225 The Hyperprolinemias and Hydroxyprolinemia 226 Diseases of the Urea Cycle 227 Branched Chain Aminoacidurias 228 Homocystinuria 229 The Porphyrias 230 Wilson's Disease 231 Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis) 232 Nutrition's Interface with Health and Disease 233 Nutritional Assessment 234 Protein-Energy Malnutrition 235 Enteral Nutrition 236 Parenteral Nutrition 237 Vitamins and Micronutrients 238 The Eating Disorders 239 Obesity 240 Principles of Endocrinology 241 Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System 242 Anterior Pituitary 243 Posterior Pituitary 244 The Thyroid 245 The Adrenal Cortex 246 The Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma 247 Diabetes Mellitus - Type I and Complications 248 Diabetes Mellitus - Type II, Including Metabolic Syndrome 249 Hypoglycemia/Pancreatic Islet Cell Disorders 250 Polyglandular Disorders 251 Carcinoid Syndrome 252 Disorders of Sexual Differentiation 253 The Testis and Male Sexual Function 254 Approach to Women's Health 255 Ovaries and Development 256 Menstrual Cycle and Fertility 257 Contraception 258 Neoplastic Diseases in Pregnancy 259 Hypertension and Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy 260 HIV in Pregnancy 261 Hirsutism 262 Menopause 263 Mineral and Bone Homeostasis 264 Osteoporosis 265 Osteomalacia and Rickets 266 The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia 267 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Calcitonin 268 Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) 269 Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/Hyperostosis and Other Disorders of Bone 270 Approach to the Patient with Allergic or Immunologic Disease 271 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases 272 Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Chronic Sinusitis 273 Urticaria and Angioedema 274 Systemic Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, and Insect Sting Allergy 275 Drug Allergy 276 Mastocytosis 277 Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease 278 Laboratory Testing in Rheumatic Diseases 279 Imaging Studies in Rheumatic Diseases 280 Connective Tissue Structure and Function 281 Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissues 282 Inherited Inflammatory Disorders 283 Osteoarthritis 284 Bursitis, Tendonitis, and Other Periarticular Disorders, and Sports Medicine 285 Rheumatoid Arthritis 286 The Spondyloarthropathies 287 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 288 Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis) 289 Sjogren's Syndrome 290 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis 291 The Systemic Vasculitides 292 Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis 293 Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones 294 Crystal Deposition Diseases 295 Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 296 Amyloidosis 297 Systemic Diseases in which Arthritis is a Feature 298 Multifocal Fibrosclerosis 299 Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases 300 Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Threats 301 Host-Pathogen Interactions 302 Principles of Anti-infective Therapy 303 Approach to Fever or Suspected Infection in the Normal Host 304 Approach to Fever or Suspected Infection in the Compromised Host 305 Approach to the Patient with Healthcare-associated Infections 306 Approach to the Patient with Suspected Enteric Infection 307 Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection 308 Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Disease 309 Approach to the Patient Before and After Travel 310 Antibacterial Therapy 311 Staphylococcal Infections 312 Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections 313 Non-pneumococcal Streptococcal Infections 314 Rheumatic Fever 315 Enterococcal Infections 316 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacteria Infections 317 Listeria Infections 318 Anthrax and Other Bacillus Infections 319 Erysipelothrix Infections 320 Clostridial Infections 321 Non-spore-forming Anaerobic and Mixed Anaerobic Infections 322 Neisseria meningitidis Infections 323 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections 324 Hemophilus influenzae and Moraxella Infections 325 Hemophilus ducreyi Infections (Chancroid) 326 Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections 327 Campylobacter Infections 328 Escherichia coli and Other Enterobacteriaceae Infections 329 Pseudomonas and related Gram-negative Bacillary Infections 330 Salmonella Infections 331 Shigella Infections 332 Brucella Infections 333 Tularemia and Other Francisella Infections 334 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections 335 Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections 336 Legionella Infections 337 Bartonella Infections 338 Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis) 339 Mycoplasma Infection 340 Chlamydia Infections 341 Treponema Infection (Syphilis) 342 Nonsyphilitic Treponema Infections 343 Borrelia burgdorferi Infection (Lyme Disease) 344 Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections 345 Leptospira Infection 346 Tuberculosis 347 Other Mycobacterioses 348 Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) 349 Rickettsia Infections 350 Zoonoses 351 Actinomycosis 352 Nocardiosis 353 Antifungal Therapy 354 Histoplasmosis 355 Coccidioidomycosis 356 Blastomycosis 357 Paracoccidioidomycosis 358 Cryptococcosis 359 Sporotrichosis 360 Candidiasis 361 Aspergillosis 362 Mucormycosis 363 Pneumocystis carinii 364 Mycetoma 365 Dematiaceous Fungal Infection 366 Antiparasitic Therapy 367 Malaria 368 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) 369 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease) 370 Leishmaniasis 371 Toxoplasmosis 372 Cryptosporidiosis 373 Giardiasis 374 Amebiasis 375 Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases 376 Cestode Infections 377 Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) 378 Liver, Intestinal, and Lung Fluke Infections 379 Nematode Infections 380 Filariasis 381 Arthropods and Leeches 382 Venomous Snake Bites 383 Venoms and Poisons from Marine Organisms 384 Antiviral Therapy (Non-AIDS) 385 Rhinovirus 386 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 387 Parainfluenza Viral Diseases 388 Influenza Virus 389 Adenovirus 390 Coronavirus 391 Rubeola Virus (Measles) 392 Rubella (German Measles) 393 Mumps Virus 394 Slow Virus Infections 395 Parvovirus 396 Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxviruses 397 Papillomavirus 398 Herpes Simplex and Other Human Herpesviruses 399 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox, Shingles) 400 Cytomegalovirus 401 Epstein-Barr Virus Infection 402 Human T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses Types I and II 403 Enteroviruses (Poliovirus, Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, and Others) 404 Rotavirus, Norviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses 405 Hemorrhagic Fevers 406 Arthropod-Borne Viruses 407 HIV Infection and AIDS Global Overview 408 Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infections 409 Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses 410 Epidemiology of HIV Infection and AIDS 411 Prevention of HIV Infection 412 Treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS 413 Clinical Manifestations of HIV and AIDS 414 Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV/AIDS 415 Skin Manifestations in Patients with HIV Infection 416 Hematology and Oncology in HIV/AIDS Patients 417 Neurologic Manifestations of HIV/AIDS 418 Approach to the Patient with Neurological Disease 419 Radiologic Imaging Procedures 420 Psychiatric Disorders in Medical Practice 421 Headaches and Other Head Pain 422 Head and Spinal Cord Injury 423 Spine, Disc, Spinal Cord, and Spinal Root Disease 424 Regional Cerebral Dysfunction 425 Alzheimer's Disease and Other Disorders of Cognition 426 The Epilepsies 427 Syncope 428 Coma, Persistent Vegetative State, and Brain Death 429 Disorders of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms 430 Approach to Cerebrovascular Diseases 431 Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease 432 Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease 433 Parkinsonism 434 Other Movement Disorders 435 Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases 436 Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions of the Central Nervous System 437 Meningitis: Bacterial, Viral, and Other 438 Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections 439 Encephalitis 440 Poliomyelitis 441 Rabies 442 Prion Diseases 443 Nutritional and Alcohol Related Neurologic Disorders 444 Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders 445 Autonomic Disorders and Their Management 446 Peripheral Neuropathies 447 Muscle Diseases 448 Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission 449 Diseases of the Visual System 450 Neuro-Ophthalmology 451 Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands 452 Approach to the Patient with Ear, Nose, and Sinus Conditions 453 Smell and Taste 454 Hearing and Equilibrium 455 Throat Disorders 456 Principles of Medical Consultation 457 Preoperative Evaluation 458 Overview of Anesthesia 459 Postoperative Care and Complications 460 Medical Consultation in Psychiatry 461 Structure and Function of the Skin 462 Examination of the Skin and Approach to Diagnosing Skin Diseases 463 Principles of Therapy 464 Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases and Figurate Erythemas 465 Macular, Papular, Vesiculobullous, and Pustular Diseases 466 Urticaria, Cutaneous Drug Hypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases 467 Infections, Hyper- and Hypopigmentation, Regional Dermatology, and Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin 468 Reference Intervals and Laboratory Value