Introduction Linda Mayes and Michael Lewis; 1. Proximal to distal environments in child development: theoretical, structural, methodological, and empirical considerations Marc Bornstein; 2. Risk and adversity in developmental psychology Jelena Obradovic, Anne Shaffer and Anne Masten; 3. Maternal care as the central environmental variable Lynne Murray and Marc de Rosnay; 4. Novel assessment techniques aimed at identifying proximal and distal environmental risk factors for children and adolescents Linda Mayes, Stacey P. Daughters and Jessica M. Richards; 5. Beyond the Dyad Michael Lewis; 6. Social agents and genes: comments on the ontogenesis of the 'social genome' Elena Grigorenko and Sarah Ward; 7. The dynamic systems perspective: what is the system? Tom Hollenstein; 8. New approaches to the notion of 'environmental risk' Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Aliza W. Pressman and Pamela Klebanov; 9. Environment across time Ronald Seifer; 10. Parental care and attachment Peter Fonagy and Michelle Sleed; 11. Understanding the developmental influences of the family environment Sharon Landesman Ramey and Craig T. Ramey; 12. Measuring the environments of early care, education, and intervention programs for children in poverty William Gilliam and Laura Stout Sosinsky; 13. School influences on human development Jacquelynne Eccles and Robert W. Roeser; 14. Siblings and peers in the adult-child-child triadic context Sybil L. Hart; 15. Neighborhood environments: a multi-measure, multi-level approach Ross D. Parke, Shoon Lio, Thomas J. Schofield, Louis Tuthill, Eric Vega and Scott Coltrane; 16. Rural versus urban environments Robert H. Bradley; 17. Current research and new dimensions Stephanie M. Jones, Monica Yudron, Aeliecia Pisciella and Hadas Eidelman; 18. Social networks Mary J. Levitt; 19. Marital health E. Mark Cummings and Lauren M. Papp; 20. Parental psychopathology: a developmental perspective on mechanisms of transmission Nancy E. Suchman and Cindy DeCoste; 21. Early exposure to trauma: domestic and community violence Alicia Lieberman and Patricia Van Horn; 22. Child maltreatment: a pathogenic relational environment across development Julia Kim-Cohen, Sarah Rabbitt, Jessica Henry and Andrea L. Gold; 23. The cultural organization of children's environment Sara Harkness and Charles M. Super; 24. Children and electronic media Sandra L. Calvert; 25. Parenting behavior as the environment where children grow Ruth Feldman; 26. HOME inventory Robert H. Bradley; 27. Measurement and model building in studying the influence of socioeconomic status on child development Erika Hoff, Brett Laursen and Kelly Bridges; 28. Assessment of parental psychopathology and adaptive functioning Thomas Achenbach; 29. Assessment of social support, social network, and social capital Brenda K. Bryant; 30. Stress reactivity in child development research: indices, correlates, and future directions Jelena Obradovic and W. Thomas Boyce; 31. Mixed model analyses for repeated-measures data Peter J. Molfese, Yaacov Petscher and David L. Molfese.