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Preface
Part I The Writing Process
Chapter 1 Exploring
Visualizing the Paragraph and the Essay
Key Steps in Exploring
Topic
Audience
Purpose
Exploring Strategies
Journal and Portfolio Writing
Chapter 2 Developing the Main Idea
Key Steps in Developing the Main Idea
Writing a Thesis Statement
Developing the Supporting Ideas
Chapter 3 Developing the Essay Plan
Key Steps in Developing the Essay Plan
Organizing Supporting Ideas
Developing an Essay Plan
Chapter 4 Developing the First Draft
Key Steps in Developing the First Draft
Writing an Introduction
Writing Complete Body Paragraphs
Writing a Conclusion
Choosing an Essay Title
Writing the First Draft
Chapter 5 Revising and Editing
Key Steps in Revising and Editing
Revising For Unity
Revising for Adequate Support
Revising for Coherence
Revising for Style
Editing for Errors
Writing the Final Draft
Part II Essay Patterns
Chapter 6 Illustration
What is Illustration?
The Illustration Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit an Illustration Essay
A Professional Essay: Little Brother is Watching by Eric Gall
Chapter 7 Narration
What is Narration?
The Narrative Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit a Narrative Essay
A Professional Essay: Out of Sight by Ryan Knighton
Chapter 8 Description
What is Description?
The Descriptive Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit a Descriptive Essay
A Professional Essay: Living Among the Bees by Lucie L. Snodgrass
Chapter 9 Process
What is a Process?
The Process Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit a Process Essay
A Professional Essay: Do You Have What It Takes to Be Happy? by Stacey Colino
Chapter 10 Definition
What is Definition?
The Definition Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit a Definition Essay
A Professional Essay: On Genius by Dorothy Nixon
Chapter 11 Classification
What is Classification?
The Classification Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit a Classification Essay
A Professional Essay: Types of Correctional Officers by Frank Schmalleger
Chapter 12 Comparison and Contrast
What is Comparison and Contrast?
The Comparison and Contrast Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit a Comparison and Contrast Essay
A Professional Essay: The Dating World by Naomi Louder
Chapter 13 Cause and Effect
What is Cause and Effect?
The Cause and Effect Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit a Cause and Effect Essay
A Professional Essay: Friendless in North America by Ellen Goodman
Chapter 14 Argument
What is Argument?
The Argument Essay
Explore Topics
The Thesis Statement
The Supporting Ideas
The Essay Plan
The First Draft
Revise and Edit an Argument Essay
A Professional Essay: Keep Your Roses by Melonyce McAfee
Part III More College and Workplace Writing
Chapter 15 Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Integrating Borrowed Information
Paraphrasing
Summarizing
Chapter 16 The Research Essay
Planning a Research Paper
Gathering Information
Evaluating Sources
Taking Notes
Organizing Your First Draft
Incorporating Visuals
Citing Sources
Using MLA Style
Sample Research Essay
Using APA Style
Chapter 17 The Resume and Letter Application
Preparing a Resume
Writing a Letter of Application
Chapter 18 Responding to Film and Literature
Responding to Film and Literature
Structuring Your Written Response
Chapter 19 Becoming a Successful Student
Preparing for Exams
Writing Essay Exams
Part IV The Editing Handbook
Section 1 Effective Sentences Section Theme CONFLICT
Chapter 20 Identify Subjects and Verbs
Identifying Subjects
Identifying Verbs
Chapter 21 Sentence Combining
Understanding Key Words
Making Compound Sentences
Making Complex Sentences
Chapter 22 Sentence Variety
What is Sentence Variety?
Varying the Opening Words
Combine Sentences with an Appositive
Combining Sentences with Relative Clauses
Writing Embedded Questions
Section 2 Common Sentence Errors Section Theme URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 23 Fragments
What Are Fragments?
Phrase Fragments
Fragments with -ing and to
Explanatory Fragments
Dependent-Clause Fragments
Chapter 24 Run-Ons
What Are Run-Ons?
Correcting Run-Ons
Chapter 25 Faulty Parallel Structure
What is Parallel Structure?
Correcting Faulty Parallel Structure
Chapter 26 Mistakes With Modifiers
Misplaced Modifiers
Dangling Modifiers
Section 3 Verbs Section Theme INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Chapter 27 Subject-Verb Agreement
Basic Subject -Verb Agreement Rules
More Than One Subject
Special Subject Forms
Verb Before the Subject
Interrupting Words and Phrases
Chapter 28 Verb Tenses
What is Verb Tense?
Past and Present Tenses
Past Participles
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Passive Voice
Progressive Forms
Chapter 29 Problems with Verbs
Verb Consistency
Avoiding Double Negatives
Non-Standard Forms - Gonna, Gotta, Wanna
Problems in Conditional Forms
Non-Standard Forms -Would of, Could of, Should of
Recognizing Gerunds and Inifinitives
Section 4 More Parts of Speech Section Theme FORCES OF NATURE
Chapter 30 Nouns, Determiners, and Prepositions
Count Nouns and Non-Count Nouns
Determiners
Prepositions
Chapter 31 Pronouns
Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement
Indefinite Pronouns
Vague Pronouns
Pronoun Shifts
Pronoun Case
Relative Pronouns
Chapter 32 Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Comparative and Superlative Forms
Section 5 Word Use and Spelling Section Theme PLANTS AND INSECTS
Chapter 33 Exact Language
Use Specific and Detailed Vocabulary
Avoiding Wordiness and Redundancy
Avoiding Cliches
Using Standard English
Chapter 34 Spelling and Commonly Confused Words
Spelling Rules
120 Commonly Misspelled Words
Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Words
Section 6 Punctuation and Mechanics Section Theme HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 35 Commas
What is a Comma?
Commas in a Series
Commas after Introductory Words or Phrases
Commas around Interrupting Words and Phrases
Commas in Compound Sentences
Commas in Complex Sentences
Chapter 36 Apostrophes
What is an Apostrophe?
Apostrophes in Contractions
Apostrophes to Show Ownership
Apostrophes in Expressions of Time
Chapter 37 Quotation Marks, Capitalization, and Titles
Quotation marks
Using Quotations in Research Essays
Capitalization
Titles
Chapter 38 Numbers and Additional Punctuation
Numbers
Additional Punctuation
Section 7 Editing
Chapter 39 Editing Practice
Part V Reading Strategies and Selections
Chapter 40 From Reading to Writing
Reading Strategies
Reading Selections
CONFLICT
The CSI Effect by Richard Willing (Cause and Effect)
Types of Rioters by David Locher (Classification)
Naming Good Path Elk by Kenneth M. Kline (Narration)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
My African Childhood by David Sedaris (Comparison and Contrast)
Living Environments by Avi Friedman (Classification)
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
I, Telemarketer by Eugene Henry (Narration)
The Rich Resonance of Small Talk by Roxanne Roberts (Process)
Google's China Web by Frida Ghitis (Argument)
FORCES OF NATURE
Weird Weather by Pamela D. Jacobsen (Illustration)
The Rules of Survival by Laurence Gonzales (Process)
Into Thin Air by Jon Krakauer (Description)
Monsoon Time by Rahul Goswani (Description)
PLANTS AND INSECTS
Songs of Insects by Sy Montgomery (Illustration)
Nature Returns to the Cities by John Roach (Cause and Effect)
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Raunch Culture by Ariel Levy (Definition)
Twixters by Betsy Hart (Definition)
The Untranslatable Word `Macho; by Rose del Castillo Guilbalt (Comparison and Contrast)
Medicating Ourselves by Robyn Sarah
Appendix 1: The Basic Parts of a Sentence
Appendix 2: Irregular Verb List
Appendix 3: Verb Tenses
Appendix 4: Combining Ideas in Sentences
Appendix 5: Spelling, Grammar, and Vocabulary Logs
Credits
Index